andrewfalker_imagery derived surface modeling
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Imagery Derived Surface Modeling For Orthophoto Production
Andrew Falker, PT (ASPRS)Keystone Aerial Surveys, Inc. Philadelphia, PA
Imagery Derived DSM of Camden, NJ using Microsoft Ultra Map 3.0
Imagery Derived Surface Modeling For Orthophoto ProductionPresentation Overview:
• Introduction of Presenter• DSM / DTM Generation Review• Current Methods and Technologies
• Manual Interpolation• USGS National Elevation Datasets• Satellite Derived DEMs• LiDAR
• Advancement of Software/Hardware Technologies• Digital Aerial Mapping Cameras• ABGPS/IMU Processing• CPU/GPU Imagery Processing
• Sample Projects• Questions, Comments, Concerns?
GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
Imagery Derived Surface Modeling For Orthophoto Production
Andrew Falker, PTGeospatial Analyst, Keystone Aerial Surveys, Inc.
GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
• ASPRS Certified Photogrammetric Technologist• 7 Years of Geospatial Industry Experience • Qualified Airborne Sensor Operator, (Film,
Digital, LiDAR). Hundreds of Survey Missions with over 2500 flight hours.
• In Field Project Manager/Sensor Operator for the Microsoft BING Maps Global Ortho Project
• Orthophoto Production Manager; completed projects from the following industries; Environmental, Energy, Transportation, & Government)
• Keystone’s GIS Projects Manager
Digital Surface Model (DSM) VS. Digital Terrain Model (DTM)
GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
DSM – are point clouds combined with an interpolation scheme defining the visible surface (fig 1a)
DTM – are point clouds defining the bare ground (fig 1b)(Miller and Laflamme, 1958, Doyle, 1978, )
Current Methods and Technologies
GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
• Manual Interpolation “Softcopy Photogrammetry” • Photogrammetrist collect ground points off of
stereo imagery sing “Digital Soft Copy Instruments”
• Time Consuming• Man Power intensive
Current Methods and Technologies
GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
• USGS National Elevation Models (NED) Available in a Varity of Resolutions• 1 arc-second (approximately 30 meters) for the conterminous
United States
• 1/3 and 1/9 arc-seconds (approximately 10 and 3 meters respectively) for parts of the United States . (USGS)
• Though free and widely available, they often have errors and discrepancies (especially between tiles)
• Not “current” enough in certain areas.
USGS National Map
GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
Current Methods and Technologies• Satellite Derived Digital Elevations Models
- Types• ASTER – Advanced Space born Thermal Emission and
Reflection Radiometer
• SRTM – Shuttle Radar Topography Mission
• Commercial Providers (Digital Globe, GeoEye, Astrium, Third Party Vendors)
GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
Current Methods and Technologies• LiDAR – Active Sensor
• Great for multiple applications• Power line mapping• Transportation corridor mapping• Still evolving and maturing
• Different products being produce Expensive
• Requires a great deal of flying • Requires highly skilled technicians for
processing and editing of the data
Advancement of Software/Hardware Technologies
GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
Next Generation of Digital Aerial Mapping Cameras(UltraCam Eagle, UltraCam Osprey, UltraCam )
• Better Geometric Accuracy• Better Reliability • Larger Footprints• More Efficient • All Digital Workflow• Multiple products derived from a single
flight
RGB, RGBNIR Stereo Imagery DSM/DTM’sDSM Point CloudsHi-Res Ortho Imagery (2cm achievable from Fixed wing)
Microsoft UltraCam Eagle
GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
Advancement of Software/Hardware TechnologiesABGPS/IMU Processing
• Refined IMU/INS (Inertia Measurement Units)• Higher sensitive instruments
• GNSS ABGPS
• Proliferation of CORS Network.• Less demand for Base Stations • Better solution for the ABGPS
GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
Advancement of Software/Hardware TechnologiesCPU/GPU Imagery Processing
• Multi-Core image processing has vastly improved the speed and efficiency of processing large imagery data sets (as well as LiDAR)
• GPU processing takes it step further taking advantage of powerful image processors traditionally used by the gamming industry
Software Used at Keystone Aerial Surveys
Sample Project
GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
Rutgers University Camden Campus• 15cm Pixel, Two Flight Lines• 80% Forward Lap, 60% Side lap
GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
UltraMap Generated DSM15CM GSD Pixel
Sharp Detail Even @ 15cm GSD
GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
Individual vehicles can be easily identified
Change Detection?
Structures Well Defined
GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
3D City Modeling GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
Bridge DetailGIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
Completed 15cm GSD MosaicGIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
Other Samples of DSM’s… GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
City of Camarillo, CA
Imagery Derived DSM• Microsoft UltraCam X• SimActive Correlator 3D
Colorized .LAS Point Cloud• Inpho 5.5 (NEW)
Point Cloud Global Mapper DemoGIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
Some Issues With Automatic Imagery Derived DSM’s
GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon; Tuesday, September 17th, 2013
• NOT a Silver Bullet • There is still a need for heavy editing• Break lines are STILL necessary (albeit
fewer)• Vegetation penetration is difficult • Shadows, glass and water surfaces
introduce erroneous errors and noise
GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
• Questions • Comments• Concerns
THANK YOU!
References GIS Pro 2013: Presentation Luncheon, Tuesday September 17th, 2013
Passini, Jacobsen, Day, Qillen 2013http://www.ipi.uni-hannover.de/uploads/tx_tkpublikationen/asprs_Baltimore_2013.pdf
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