android ndk: entrando no mundo nativo
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Intel Developers Relations Division
android ndk: Entrando no mundo nativoEduardo CarraraDeveloper Evangelist – Intel
@DuCarrara+EduardoCarraraDeAraujo
Intel Developers Relations Division 2
Agenda
O Android NDK
Será que você o usa e não sabe?
Cuidados com a Interface Binária
Começando com o Android Studio + gradle-experimental
Perguntas?
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"O Android NDK é um conjunto de ferramentas que
permitem implementar partes de sua aplicação utilizando
linguagens de código nativas como C e C++."
- NDK Android Developers Portal
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e talvez você já esteja fazendo isso...
... vamos explorar alguns usos interessantes do NDK.
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Game Engines
Outras+…
*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
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Visão Computacional
• Filtros lineares e não lineares de imagens.
• Tranformações Geométricas de imagens.
• Estimativa de Movimentos em videos.
• Subtração de Fundo em videos.
• Rastreamento de objetos.
• ...
Outras: Cardboard-SDK, Vuforia, Layar, LibCCV, Wikitude ...
OpenCV.org
*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
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Desenvolvimento Cross Platform
*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
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Outros usos e Bibliotecas
Realm
Swift
Libpng
Intel TBB
Intel IPP
Libcairo and libpixman
Libsonic
Busybox
Speex
FFMpeg
OpenSSL
Lua
...
*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
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Tantas aplicações bacanas!
Então podemos utilizar o
NDK para TUDO?!
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Fonte: Using the NDK Performantly (Big Android BBQ 2015)
15
Visão Geral da Arquitetura
App Code
Classes do Framework
Runtime
Bibliotecas do Sistema
Kernel Linux
JNI
Suas Bibliotecas
ABI Estável
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Na Prática...
Microchip Icon – Icon Finder.
App00100111000011100111
x86
ARM
MIPS
O seu código:
• Mais próximo do HW
• Dependente de Plataforma
Você deve se preocupar com isso!
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3 Regras de Ouro para adoção do NDK
1
2
3 Código legado que deve ser reaproveitado e muito caro para portar.
Problemas Específicos de performance.
Funcionalidades e Experiências que exigem performance.
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3 (Principais) Barreiras para adoção do NDK
1
2
3 Ganhos de Performance não são garantidos.
Complexidade de Implementação e Manutenção.
Dependência de Plataforma e Compatibilidade.
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Podemos, mas não devemos usar o NDK para tudo.
Logo ...
Ainda interessado?
Tome a “pílula vermelha” e vamos te mostrar o quão
longe isso vai...
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Conceitos Fundamentais: Java Native Interface (JNI)
Define como o Java e o código nativo irão conversar.
Java C / C++
• Carregar a lib com:
• System.loadLibrary()
• Definição de Métodos Nativos:
• Palavra reservada native
• Incluir o header do JNI:• #include <jni.h>
• Utilizar tipos específicos do JNI:• jstring, jint, jboolean, etc.
• Variáveis Especiais:• JNIEnv*, JavaVM*
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JNI: Mapeamento de Métodos Java -> C / C++
A Função no C / C++ deve:
Usar e retornar primitivas e objetos Java JNI:
Seguir o padrão de nomenclatura:
Ou ser regitrada manualmente:
jint xxx(JNIEnv* env, jobject instance, ...) { ... }
Java_com_example_hellojni_HelloWorldJni_method
JNIEnv->RegisterNatives();
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JNI: Exemplo
Java
C / C++
public class HelloWorldJNI {
static {
System.loadLibrary("hello-jni");
}
public native String getHelloWorldStringFromJNI();
}
#include <jni.h>
jstring
Java_com_example_hellojni_HelloWorldJNI_getHelloWorldStringFromJNI(JNIEnv *env, jobject instance) {
return (*env)->NewStringUTF(env, "Hello World!");
}
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Old but Gold
Compilando Apps NDK no estilo clássico.J
NI
Co
de
LOCAL_PATH := $(call my-dir)
include $(CLEAR_VARS)
LOCAL_MODULE := hello-jni
LOCAL_SRC_FILES := hello-jni.c
include $(BUILD_SHARED_LIBRARY)
APP_ABI := all
jni/Android.mk jni/Application.mk
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Old but Gold
ndk_build script
Compilando Apps NDK no estilo clássico.
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Old but Gold
Empacotando Apps NDK no estilo“quase” clássico.
• Adicione as libs no diretório jniLibs.
• Crie as interfaces java – jni.
• Para pre-builts é só isso.
• Para compilar a partir do source é um pouco mais complicado mas possível.
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Limitações
• Debug não é possível no AS. Necessário o uso do ndk-gdb e/ou Eclipse.
• Suporte do plugin do gradle atual foi marcado como deprecated (ouch).
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Avisos Importantes
• Utilizaremos a versão experimental do android gradle plugin.
• Integração com Android Studio melhorou mas ainda é instável e possui bugs.
• No Windows há problemas com o editor e/ou build que dificultam/impedem o uso. (Issues 195483 e 204552).
• A documentação é praticamente inexistente ou incompleta.
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Integração com AS
Instalação e
configuração do
NDK integrados ao
android studio.
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gradle-experimental
Configuração
distributionUrl=https\://services
.gradle.org/distributions/gradle-
2.10-all.zip
./build.gradle ./gradle/gradle-wrapper/gradle-wrapper.properties
dependencies {
classpath
'com.android.tools.build:gradle-
experimental:0.7.0'
}
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gradle-experimental
Configuração: Combinação de Versões
Android Studio 1.5 2.0 2.1
gradle 2.8 2.10 2.10
gradle plugin 1.5.0 2.0.0 2.1.0
gradle-experimental plugin 0.4.0 0.6.0 0.7.0
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gradle-experimental
Configuração: build.gradle
mudanças na DSL.
Sempre verifique:
- NDK Samples
- gradle-experimental docs
apply plugin: 'com.android.model.application'
model {
}
android {
compileSdkVersion = 23
buildToolsVersion = "23.0.3"
defaultConfig.with {
applicationId = "com.example.hellojni"
minSdkVersion.apiLevel = 4
targetSdkVersion.apiLevel = 23
}
}
android.ndk {
moduleName = "hello-jni"
}
android.buildTypes {
release {
minifyEnabled = false
proguardFiles.add(file('proguard-rules.txt'))
}
}
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gradle-experimental
Configuração: múltiplos apks.
apply plugin: 'com.android.model.application'
model {
}
android.productFlavors {
}
// … standard gradle stuff
// … other gradle stuff
create ("armv7") {
}
create (“x86") {
}
ndk.abiFilters.add("armeabi-v7a")
ndk.abiFilters.add(“x86")
versionCode = calculateVersionCodeFor(
"armeabi-v7a")
versionCode = calculateVersionCodeFor(
“x86")
create (“fat")
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gradle-experimental
Configuração: múltiplos apks.
apply plugin: 'com.android.model.application'
model {
}
def actualVersionCode = 13;
// … gradle stuff
// … other gradle stuff
def baseVersionCode = 1000000;
def versionCodeABIPrefixes = [
'armeabi':1, 'armeabi-v7a':2, 'arm64-v8a':3,
'mips': 5,'mips64': 6,
'x86': 8, 'x86_64': 9];
def calculateVersionCodeFor = { String abi ->
return versionCodeABIPrefixes.get(abi, 0) *
baseVersionCode + actualVersionCode
}
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gradle-experimental
• Ainda é possível:
• Configurar bibliotecas pré-compiladas;
• Adicionar flags de compilação (gerais e por flavor);
• A documentação atual geralmente não acompanha os releases, portanto:
• Fique de olho nos NDK Samples para referências!
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Pensamentos Finais
Ao usar NDK, direta ou indiretamente, adicione suporte a maior quantidade possível de plataformas.
Use o NDK sabiamente: teste, faça benchmarks e garanta que ele é a solução adequada ao seu problema.
Acompanhe e teste o plugin experimental do gradle para NDK!
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Referências
• NDK Development on Intel
• Intel Tools
• Android* NDK Official Documentation
• Android* NDK Gradle Experimental Documentation
• Android* NDK Google* Samples
• Gradle Stable NDK Support - Xavier Hallade
• New Android Studio NDK Support - Xavier Hallade
Intel Developers Relations Division
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