animal behavior
Post on 18-Nov-2014
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Start-Up: List some behaviors of your pet (if you don’t have a pet, list some behaviors of an animal you like). Identify the immediate and ultimate cause of at least one of those behaviors.
Animal Behavior
Behavior has to be either:
Learned
Ex. Learning how toproperly attack and kill prey
Or Innate(not learned; genetically programmed)
Ex. eating, sleeping, crying
How do you tell if a behavior is learned or if it is innate?
Innate Behaviors
Taxis – directed movement toward or away from a stimulus
Can be positive (+) or negative (-)
Phototaxis – movement toward or away from light
+ Phototaxis – toward lightExample: plant bending toward sun
- Phototaxis – away from lightExample: cockroach running for cover
when lights are turned on
Geotaxis – movement toward or away from gravity
+ Geotaxis – movement toward gravityExample: plant roots
- Geotaxis – movement away from gravityExample: tree growing taller
More Innate Behaviors
When the innate behavior always occurs the same way regardless of the stimulus it is called a
Fixed Action Pattern (FAP)
The behavior will continue to completion even if the stimulus is taken away
Example of a Fixed Action Pattern
1. Parent gull eats food at sea
2. Returns to nest
3. Chick taps the side of the parent’s beak
4. Tapping action causes the parent to open its mouth
5. Chick places head in parent’s mouth
6. Parent regurgitates some of its food for the chick to eat
FAPAnother example in gulls…
How do parents feed their chicks?
A, D, FNo Tapping
B, C, ETapping
MODELSRESPONSE
A ethologist used different models to represent the beak of a gull and presented each one in turn to a chick
Do humans exhibit FAPs?
More Innate Behaviors
Rhythmic behavior – regularly repeated behavior that is synchronized to rhythmic changes in the environment
-controlled by organism’s internal “biological clock”
Examples:
Daytime (diurnal) or Nightime (nocturnal) activity
Migration – seasonal or non-seasonal
Watch the video and tell me if the behavior you are watching is innate or learned.
How can you tell?
Learned Behavior
Habituation – a change in an animal’s behavior resulting from experience
Example: hydra jerk when touched
But it eventually stops responding after awhile
Hissing Cockroaches!
Hiss when touched (defense mechanism)
But it eventually stops after awhile
Then what’s the point of habituation?
More Learned Behavior
Imprinting – learning that is limited to a specific
time period in an animal’s life and that is usually irreversible
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LGBqQyZid04
Insight – ability to respond appropriately to a new situation without previous experience by basing
the solution on prior knowledge
Ex. Pigeon-box-banana videohttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mDntbGRPeEU&feature=related
More Learned Behavior
Conditioning – learning that a particular stimulus or response is linked to a reward or punishment
1. Classical – otherwise meaningless stimulus is associated with a certain response
Example: Pavlov’s dogs
Other examples:
-associating a certain song to a particular time in your life-associating a smell to a place
Example of Learned Behavior
2. Operant Conditioning – “trial and error”
Example: Skinner’s Box and pigeon ping pong
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PQtDTdDr8vs&feature=relatedhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vGazyH6fQQ4http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TtfQlkGwE2U&feature=related
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