announcements unit 1 exam: -2 nd period: september 30 1 st period: september 29 quiz next class:...

Announcements• Unit 1 exam: -2nd period: September 301st period: September 29

Quiz NEXT CLASS:-Cognitive approach: strengths and weaknesses-Mann, Vrij, Bull- Loftus & Pickrell- Quantitative vs. Qualitative data- Laboratory vs. field experiment - Ecological validity

Bellringer

(5-7 sentences)How do we know if something is ETHICAL or not? Give an example of something you have seen, heard of, or witnessed as unethical.

Announcements

• Unit 1 exam:- 2nd period October 30- 1st period October 29

Tuskegee Study• 1930’s, Alabama: US Public Health Services decides to

observe the effects of untreated syphilis • Participants were selected from hospitals around

Alabama• They were not told they were in an experiment, or even

that they had syphilis • Participants were denied penicillin, even though it was

understood to be an effective treatmentType of research?What’s wrong with this study?

Deception

• These men were told they had “bad blood,” and they were offered free medical care and treatments.

• They didn’t receive any treatment for syphilis. • Fake treatments (aspirin)

• .Ethics: moral expectations (doing what’s right)– We can’t beat up babies, kill things, or invade

privacy when we conduct experiments. – We have to conduct ethical research.

Ethics

• Informed consent: participants must agree to participate in your study. – They must understand that they are participating

in an experiment and know what the experiment is about

• Participant Protection: respect, no stress, right to quit

Ethics

Tuskegee Study - Informed Consent

• Many of the participants began to die because of the effects of untreated syphilis

• autopsies were performed by white doctors without permission from the deceased.

• “Word spread throughout Macon County that ‘government doctors’ were to provide free exams to start a new health program” – Would the RPs have given their consent if they

had known the truth?

Tuskegee Study --Protection of Participants

• Their names were put onto lists given to local hospitals, and they were told not to treat the patients.

• They were just receiving aspirin or other ineffective means of treatment.

The Milgram Experiment (background)

• After WWII, Nazis were put on trial for slaughtering Jews in concentration camps.

• Many said that they should not be punished for their crimes because they were merely following orders. Many said they had no choice but to do what they were told.

Good excuse? Does being ORDERED to do something HORRIBLE EXCUSE someone from the consequences?

The Milgram Experiment

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y6GxIuljT3w• Is this experiment ethical?• How can we make it ethical?

Debriefing

• critical part of any experiment or psychological study that involves human participants.

• This procedure is conducted after the experiment or study has been concluded.

TICKET TIME!Ethically speaking, do our

participants always have know what’s happening in our studies?

Class Debate Expectations1. You will be assigned to a side for debate. If you

disagree with your assigned side, you must try your best to expand your perspective!

2. Each side will have a turn to present their argument. Each student must present at least one supporting point.

3. Counterarguments will be presented afterwards.4. No shouting over or interrupting another person while

they are speaking.5. Be creative! You may use resources outside of what we

have learned in class. 6. Winning team 2 tickets per teammate

Class Debate

• Assign groups• You now have 10 minutes to come up with a

strong point that backs up your thinking.

http://www.online-stopwatch.com/

Class DebateDebate topics ( your points should support one of two topics)1. Was the use of deception in Loftus and Pickrell

(1995) justified or not?

2. Is deception in psychological research ever ethical?

Justify your position with three supporting ideas. Draw from what we have learned in class, or even your own

research. Avoid relying on your own opinion.

Independent Practice

• Is deception in psychological research ever ethical? Back up your thinking from responses in the debate.

EXIT TICKET

• The study by Mann et al. (lying) had two observers coding eight behaviors.

(a) Describe one behaviour that was coded.(b) Describe inter-rater reliability and how it was checked in this study.

Homework

• Read Baron-Cohen study. Highlight and label:-background-aim-sample-procedure-results