annual plenary meeting of ermes...tug volvo 7700 hybrid solo bus, 12.155t eev dieselhybridscr+dpf...
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Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 1
Annual Plenary Meeting of ERMES
(European Research on Mobile Emission Sources)
Brussels
27 September 2012
Input TUG
Stefan Hausberger
1) Overview of the measurement programs on LDV and HDV
2) Overview ERMES-Evaluation tool for instantaneous emission tests
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 2
Tasks Vehicle and engine tests serve:
• As data base for direct analysis (change over EURO-classes, fuel effects, etc.)
• As input to produce engine emission maps for the simulation tool PHEM
PHEM then simulates emission factors for traffic situations defined by vehicle
speed + gradient cycles
COPERT
National
Models
National /lab
data
Common data
base
„Average
speed model“
PHEM HBEFA
Driving behaviour data
representative cycles
Emission
measurements
Emission factor
models
Emission inventory
models
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 3
Emission-Maps
Pe
Em
• For cost reasons transient cycles are used ( ≥ 1 Hz)
Accurate evaluation of modal emissions necessary
Sophisticated vehicle and test stand specific correction for
exhaust gas transport time, mixing effects and response times
(allocation of emission event to Pe and rpm)
• Standardised result file formats for data base needed
“ERMES Tool” to have common evaluation tool
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
time [s]
fuel
con
sum
ptio
n [g
/h]
-0.4
-0.2
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
norm
alis
ed e
ngin
e sp
eed
and
pow
er [
-]
fuel consumption
normalised engine power
normalised engine speed
Modal emissions sorted in
normalised rpm/Pe grids
Production of engine maps in PHEM
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 4
Pe n
Em
Emission-Maps
Gear shift model
Transmission ratios
Driving resistances Losses in drivetrain
Vehicle data
Gradient
Driving Cycle in 1Hz
Velocity
Gear optional
Emissions Fuel consumption
Transient correction
Thermal behavious of catalysts
Cold start
SCR -10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
1600 1625 1650 1675 1700 1725 1750 1775 1800
time [s]
FC
[k
g/h
]
0
5
10
15
20
25
CO
[g
/h]
Optional: HEV
Routines
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 5
Coordination of test programs HDV
Tasks: fill gaps for EURO V vehicles and measure EURO VI vehicles/engines
Status test programmes reported to TUG (with funding):
* 3 engines at TÜV (BAST); status = 1 finalised
* 3 vehicles at TUG (BAFU); status = 1 finalised
* 1 vehicle at TUG (UBA-AUT); status = finalised
* PEMS tests at AVL-MTC and at TUG (see separate slides)
? 3 vehicles at TUG, funding in discussion with BMVIT-AUT
(incl. PHEM parameterisation for EURO VI engines).
General problem: EURO VI vehicle and engine availability
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 6
Coordination of test programs HDV Overview on chassis dyno and engine tests
Available 01/2013 in ideal case: 15 EU V and 6 EU VI
La
bo
rato
ry
engine and vehicle ve
hic
le t
yp
e /
gro
ss
ve
hic
le
we
igh
t
ce
rtif
ica
tio
n
lev
el
tec
hn
olo
gy
(SC
R, E
GR
, P
M-
Ca
t,…
)
rate
d e
ng
ine
po
we
r [k
W]
en
gin
e t
es
t b
ed
rolle
r te
st
be
d
on
bo
ard
sta
tio
na
ry
tra
ns
ien
t
status of measurements (planned for
month/year; finalised etc.) Budget
HBEFA 3.1 9 EU IV EGR&SCR in HBEFA3.1
HBEFA 3.1 7 EURO V SCR in HBEFA3.2
HBEFA 3.1 0 EURO V EGR in HBEFA3.3
TUGengine: D2066 LF23
vehicle: MAN TGA 18.440
delivery
truck, 18t Euro V SCR 325 X X Xfinalised open
TUGengine: DC 13 05
vehicle: R400 LA4x2MNA
road tractor,
18t Euro V EGR 324 X Xfinalised UBA AT (10k€)
TUGengine: ??????
vehicle: MAN ??? Euro V EGR ??? X Xplaned for Oct/Nov 2012 BAFU (10k€)
TUGengine: OM 471 LA 6-4
vehicle: MB Actros 1845 LS
road tractor,
18t Euro VI
EGR, DPF,
SCR 330 X Xfinalised open (BMVIT 28k€?)
TUGengine: DC 13
vehicle: Scania R LA 4x2
road tractor,
18t Euro VI
EGR, DPF,
SCR ??? X Xplanned for Oct 2012 open (BMVIT 28k€?)
TUGengine: Cursor HI-eSCR
vehicle: IVECO STRALIS Hi-Way
road tractor,
18t Euro VI DPF, SCR ??? X Xvehicle availibility open BAFU (10k€)
TÜV Nordengine: DC 13
vehicle: Scania R LA 4x2
road tractor,
18t Euro VI
EGR, DPF,
SCR ??? X Xmeasurements finalised (BAST project) BAST
TÜV Nordengine: OM 471
vehicle: - - - - - --- Euro VI
EGR, DPF,
SCR ??? X Xmeasurements planned for autumn 2012 (BAST project)BAST
TÜV Nordengine: MAN
vehicle: - - - - - --- Euro VI
EGR, DPF,
SCR ??? X Xmeasurements planned for autumn 2012 (BAST project)BAST
tbd. DAFroad tractor,
18t Euro V SCR
tbd.RENAULT (engines different from
VOLVO)
road tractor,
18t Euro V SCR
tbd. DAIMLERroad tractor,
18t
Euro V / EEV (last
generation) SCR
tbd. IVECOroad tractor,
18t Euro V SCR
New tests EURO V
New tests EURO VI
Budget for 1 veh.
BAFU
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 7
Coordination of test programs HDV Overview on PMES tests at AVL MTC: 15 vehicles, 8 applicable for basic
emission factors (others are driven with alternative fuels)
La
bo
rato
ry
engine and vehicle ve
hic
le t
yp
e /
gro
ss
ve
hic
le
we
igh
t
ce
rtif
ica
tio
n
lev
el
tec
hn
olo
gy
(SC
R, E
GR
, P
M-
Ca
t,…
)
rate
d e
ng
ine
po
we
r [k
W]
en
gin
e t
es
t b
ed
rolle
r te
st
be
d
on
bo
ard
sta
tio
na
ry
tra
ns
ien
t
status of measurements (planned for
month/year; finalised etc.) Budget
AVL MTCvehicle: Nissan Atleon 70.14
Euro IV SCR 103 X Xmeasurements finalised, data submitted
AVL MTCengine: ?
vehicle: MAN TGL 12.240
delivery
truck, 12t Euro IV EGR 176 X X Xmeasurements finalised, data submitted
AVL MTCengine: ?
vehicle: Scania CK270 city bus, 18t Euro V EEV SCR 199 X X X Xmeasurements finalised, data submitted
AVL MTCengine: ?
vehicle: MAN A26 city bus, 18t Euro IV EEV SCR 228 X Xmeasurements finalised, data submitted
AVL MTCengine: ?
vehicle: Volvo FL 240
delivery
truck, 12t Euro V SCR? 181 X Xmeasurements finalised, data submitted
AVL MTCengine: ?
Vehicle: Volvo B12M 9700S Euro V EEV SCR 250 measurements finalised, please submit data
AVL MTCengine: ?
Vehicle: Volvo B12M 9700S Euro V EEV SCR 250 measurements finalised
AVL MTCengine: ?
Vehicle: MAN TGL 12.240 (re-
delivery
truck, 12t Euro IV EGR 176 X XRe-tested due to high Nox emissions at first test run.
AVL MTCengine: ?
Vehicle: Volvo FH16 90-tonnes truck Euro IV SCR 515 Xstatus unknown, please submit data
AVL MTCengine: ?
Vehicle: Volvo FH480 truck Euro V SCR X
AVL MTCengine: ?
Vehicle: Scania bus Euro V EGR Xno ECU-connection
AVL MTCengine:? Vehicle MAN TGX
26.480 truck Euro V EGR 353 Xmeasurements finalised, data submitted
AVL MTCengine? Vehicle IVECO 150E25
truck Euro V SCR 185 Xmeasurements finalised, data submitted
AVL MTCengine:?Vehicle Renault Mascot
160.65 truck Euro IV EGR 115 Xstatus unknown, please submit data
AVL MTCengine:? VehicleVolvo FL6
truck Euro III 154 X
type of testing
AVL-MTC PEMS Tests
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 8
Coordination of test programs HDV PMES tests at TUG: 27 city buses tested, 11 diesel, 9 HEV, 5 CNG, 2 LPG
La
bo
rato
ry
engine and vehicle ve
hic
le t
yp
e /
gro
ss
ve
hic
le
we
igh
t
ce
rtif
ica
tio
n
lev
el
fue
l ty
pe
tec
hn
olo
gy
(SC
R, E
GR
, P
M-
Ca
t,…
)
rate
d e
ng
ine
po
we
r [k
W]
ca
pa
cit
y [
dm
³]
en
gin
e t
es
t b
ed
rolle
r te
st
be
d
on
bo
ard
sta
tio
na
ry
tra
ns
ien
t
status of
measurements
(planned for
month/year;
finalised etc.) Budget
TUG MAN Lions City G articulated bus, 17.25t EEV LPG 3-way cat 200kW @2200 12816 X finalised Vienna
TUG EVOBUS Citaro articulated bus, 17.84t EEV CNG Oxikat 240@2000 11967 X finalised Vienna
TUG
EVOBUS Capa CityO 530
GL articulated bus, 19.1t EEV Diesel SCR 260@2000 11967 X finalised Vienna
TUG EVOBUS Citaro articulated bus, 17.94t EEV Diesel SCR 260@2000 11967 X finalised Vienna
TUG Solaris Urbino articulated bus, 16.92t EEV Diesel SCR+PM Kat 266@1900 9186 X finalised Vienna
TUG Solaris Urbino Hybrid articulated bus, 18.14t EEV DieselhybridSCR+DPF 180,5kW Diesel, 2x75kW E-Motoren6692 X finalised Vienna
TUG EVOBUS Citaro Hybrid articulated bus, 18.82t EEV DieselhybridSCR 160kW Diesel, 4x87 kW E-Motoren0 X finalised Vienna
TUG EVOBUS Citaro articulated bus, 16.855t EURO VI Diesel SCR+DPF 265@1800 10677 X finalised Vienna
TUG
Solaris Urbino Hybrid
Vossloh Kippe EEV Dieselhybrid 0 210 kW Diesel, 240kW E-Motor6700 X finalised Vienna
TUG
IVECO System Heulies
Dieslehybrid articulated bus, 0t EEV Dieselhybrid 0 0 Daten werden nachgereichtX finalised Vienna
TUG MAN Lions City articulated bus, 12.57t IV LPG 3-way cat 200@2200 12816 X finalised Vienna
TUG MAN Lions City articulated bus, 12.5t EEV CNG 3-way cat 180@2200 11967 X finalised Vienna
TUG MAN Lions City solo bus, 12.35t EEV CNG 3-way cat 228@2000 12816 X finalised Vienna
TUG EVOBUS Citaro O530 solo bus, 11.95t EEV CNG Oxikat 260@2000 11967 X finalised Vienna
TUG IVECO Iris solo bus, 12.6t EEV CNG 3-way cat 213@2000 7800 X finalised Vienna
TUG EVOBUS Citaro O530 solo bus, 10.77t EEV Diesel SCR 228@2000 6370 X finalised Vienna
TUG Solaris Urbino solo bus, 11.51t EEV Diesel SCR+PM Kat 231@1900 9186 X finalised Vienna
TUG VDL Citea solo bus, 11.21t 5 Diesel SCR 231@1900 9186 X finalised Vienna
TUG Temsa Avenue solo bus, 10.88t EEV Diesel SCR 231@2300 9186 X finalised Vienna
TUG MAN Lions City solo bus, 11.74t EEV Diesel DPF 235@1900 10518 X finalised Vienna
TUG IVECO Iris solo bus, 11.9t EEV Diesel SCR 213@2200 7800 X finalised Vienna
TUG Solaris Urbino Hybrid solo bus, 11.4t EEV DieselhybridSCR+PM Kat 160 kW Diesel 44 kW Elektro6692 X finalised Vienna
TUG MAN Lions City Hybrid solo bus, 12.785t EEV DieselhybridSCR+DPF 318 kW Diesel 2x75kW Elektro6871 X finalised Vienna
TUG Volvo 7700 Hybrid solo bus, 12.155t EEV DieselhybridSCR+DPF 158 kW Diesel 120 kW Elektro4760 X finalised Vienna
TUG Iveco Iris Citelis Hybrid solo bus, 0t EEV DieselhybridSCR 220 kW Diesel 175 kW Elektro5880 X finalised Vienna
TUG VDL (2012) Citea solo bus, 11.21t EEV Diesel SCR 231@1900 9186 X finalised Vienna
TUG Volvo (2012) 7700 Hybrid solo bus, 12.155t EEV DieselhybridSCR+DPF 158 kW Diesel 120 kW Elektro4760 X finalised Vienna
Type of tests
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 10
Results for 1 EURO VI semi-trailer
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 11
Results for PEMS measurements TUG, city buses (12m, 2 axis)
EU V and EEV
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 12
Summary HDV
If project offered to BMVIT will be funded, sufficient measurement
budget is available. Availability of EURO VI HDV limited yet.
Budget to convert tests into engine maps from PHEM and to produce
emission factors still open.
First results show:
The 1 tested HDV EURO V with EGR has somewhat higher NOx at low
velocities than assumed in HBEFA 3.1
The 1 EURO VI vehicle has even lower NOx than assumed in HBEFA 3.1
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 13
Coordination of test programs passenger cars
Tests on EU 5+6 from JRC, EMPA, TNO, TUG and ADAC shall be available.
Until now data from TUG+ADAC available at TUG
Availability further data needs cooperation agreement to be signed?
Total vehicles tested in NEDC + real world cycles yet, if data will be submitted:
Lab EU5 SI EU5 CI EU6 SI EU6 CI
TNO 5 7 - 3
ADAC 1 3 - 1
TUG 5 5 - 5
EMPA 10 4
JRC 8 4
Total 29 23 0 8 (7 diff. Models)
Detailed list with makes and models regularly distributed by TUG
If further budget available:
Test EURO 6 (if additional models become available)
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 15
Preliminary results test programs Diesel passenger cars
Bars show 95% confidence interval
Status= EU 5: 16 cars
EU 6 : 5 cars
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 16
Preliminary results test programs Diesel passenger cars
Bars show 95% confidence interval
Status= EU 5: 16 cars
EU 6 : 5 cars
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 17
Preliminary results test programs Gasoline passenger cars
Bars show 95% confidence interval
Status= EU 5: 8 cars
EU 6 : 0 cars
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 18
Summary LDV
Available measured number of vehicles ok, if all announced data made
available
Number of EURO 6 vehicles on the market limited yet
How long shall we wait with update emission factors for more cars ?
Budget from JRC and UBA-Germany available for evaluation, engine
map production and for emission factor production at TUG.
Open: shall we produce data sets in PHEM for HEV and BEV?
First results show:
• The EURO 6 cars tested seem to have as low emissions as assumed
in HBEFA 3.1. However, until now only 3 BMW, 1 Audi, 1 Mazda have
been tested.
• EURO 5 diesel seem to have higher NOx than assumed in HBEFA 3.1
• PM and PN emissions are low for diesel with DPF
• Further analysis to be done with complete data set
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 20
ERMES Tool
Evaluation of modal test data needs experience and some
standardisation to produce reliable transient engine maps if input
comes from different labs.
Excel macros and test bed driver proved not to be a harmonic
combination
Collected bag data was hard to analyse
Engine emission maps produced only from EMPA and TUG data
TUG automatizes the evaluation (ppm to g/s to g/km) for
• undiluted and diluted measurements
• Cars, HDV and HDE
• for all test cycles
With “model mapper” to be applied at all test beds
Includes all corrections and shall include also tool to correct for
variable time shifting of emission signals.
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 21
ERMES Tool, some features
Designed for vehicle and engine tests. Introduction of “norm-names” and data
load ramps for “easy” application on other test stands, e.g. chassis dyno:
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 22
ERMES Tool, some features
Correction of measured emissions also for modal data
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 23
ERMES Tool, Status Much more work than assumed (10 months yet)
Introduced 1.10.2012 at TUG chassis dynamometer for pass cars
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 24
ERMES Tool, next steps
Application for other TUG test stands approx. November 2012
Implementation of advanced time shift correction planned until Dec. 2012
Application for other labs: > Dec. 2012
Possible next steps for interested labs:
“Demo-day” either via WebEx or life
If tool is required by more ERMES labs:
a) Share development costs
b) Find common funding
Adaptation of ERMES Tool to test stand specific file formats, analyser specifications
etc. is assumed to take > 0.5 man months!
Institute for Internal Combustion Engine and Thermodynamics
27.09.2012 Vehicle Emissions Stefan Hausberger 25
Efas
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