annual report 2015 - trimbos-instituut...•increased energy! the number of ecstasy and mdma samples...
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What is DIMS?
How does it work?
The Drugs Information andMonitoring System is a nationalnetwork of testing facilitiesthat aims at gaining aninsight into the market ofcontrolled substances.
Tactus
VNN
Victas
Brijder
IrisZorg
Mondriaan
Novadic-Kentron
StichtingMainline
Jellinek
AdviesbureauDrugs*
ParnassiaBavo Groep
Vincentvan Gogh
DIMS officeEmbedded in
Trimbos-instituutCommissionedby the Ministry
of Health (VWS)and local
authorities
* As of January 2016, Adviesburo Drugs is replaced by the Municipal Health Service of Amsterdam
Activities: DIMS examines the content of drugs, its associated health-related risks, and analyses trends.
Method: DIMS monitors the market in controlleddrugs by offering consumers the possibility to have their drugs tested.
Application: The data collected are being used for education, prevention and policy interventions.
Warnings: DIMS occasionally warns on a national, regional or local level, or e.g. via social media for drugs involving extra risks.
Education: The testing facilities serve a majoreducational purpose and provide information on effects and risks of drugs.
DIMS affiliatedorganizations holdweekly consultinghours.
Here, users are able to hand in drugs foranalysis, anonymouslyand discretely.
If the sample can bedetermined, thecomposition ispassed on directly.
OPEN
If not, the sample issent to thelaboratory forfurther analysis.
A week later, thedrugs have beenanalysed and theresults arecommunicated.
Sometimes the result is so disturbing, thata warning or RedAlert is issued.
!Dangerous drugs
Warnings and Red Alerts in 2015
In August, a warning was issued for webshops marketing 4-fluoroamphetamine powders (4-FA/4-FMP), containing the much more dangerous substance alpha-PVP.
Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
!WarningWebshops selling powder as 4-FA, but containing the much moredangerous alpha-PVP.
!Nationwide warning / Red AlertEcstasy pills containing high doses of MDMAin a wide range.
Several times a year a test result gives rise to warn users. In 2015, several warnings were issued for ecstasy pills containing high amounts of PMMA.
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun
!Continuingwarning through mass mediaPill containing173 mg PMMA.
! !Regional campaignPill containingPMMA inNoord-Limburg.
Continuing regional warning campaign AmsterdamWhite heroin being sold as cocaine.
Drugs Information and Monitoring System (DIMS)Annual Report 2015
Most of the samples handed in involve ecstasy pills or MDMA powders, in 2015 60% of the total.
Average price perecstasy pill: € 4
Average price per gramMDMA-powder: € 20
Ecstasy/MDMA in 2015
Risks•Overheating•Exhaustion•Brain damage
Cutting agents•Caffeine•Amphetamine•mCPP
Effects•Sense of intimacy•Increased energy
!
The number of ecstasy and MDMA samples supplied to DIMS more
than doubled since 2005.
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
2005 2010 2015
3,269
6,132
7,175
0
50
100
150
2005 2010 2015
Average amount of MDMA in ecstasy pills (in mg).
8192
150
57% of the samples handed in at DIMS contain over 140 mgs of
MDMA, the strongest pill in 2015 contained 293 mgs MDMA.
0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
2005 2010 2015
1-35 mg 36-70 71-105 106-140 >140
of which 6,428 pills/505 powders
Samples supplied to DIMS in 2015In 2015 over 14,000 visitors handed in almost 12,000 samples for analysis. This mainly involves ecstasy, cocaine or speed. 13%
cocaine
9%speed
6%4-FA
3% ketamine
2% 2C-B
2% LSD
5% other substances
60%ecstasy/MDMA
The total amount of samples supplied to DIMS has risen since
the year 2009.
0
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
2011 2013 201520142012
In terms of number of submitted samples, cocaine is in second place.
Average price per gram ofcocaine: € 50
Effects•Increased energy•Confident feeling
Cocaine in 2015
Cutting agents•Levamisole•Caffeine•Phenacetine
Risks•Often cut with medicines•Paranoia•Damage smoking: lungs injecting: abscess snorting:nasal mucosa•Dependency•Exhaustion•Cardiovascular problems
!
The average percentage of cocaine incocaine samples varies throughout
the years. In 2015, a cocaine powdercontained on average 64% of cocaine.
0%
10%
30%
50%
70%
60%
40%
20%
201520102005
Cocaïne is often cut with levamisole, an anthelmintic for
animals.
0
200
400
600
1,000
800
1,400
1,200
2005 2010 2015
621
6
371
656
390
951
without levamisole with levamisole
Risks levamisole•With high dose and regular
use: impairment of the immune system
•Fever and flu-like symptoms,skin eruptions
•Nausea, diarrhea, vomiting•Headache, confusion,
dizziness
!
Speed in 2015Nine percent of all samples is speed.
Risks•Overheating•Exhaustion•Brain damage•Paranoia
!
Effects•Increased energy•Delays fatigueness•Inhibits appetite
Average price per gram of speed: € 6
The average percentage of amphetamine in speed varies from year to year. In
2015, this average was 46%.
0%
10%
30%
50%
40%
20%
201520102005
amphetamine caffeine
Cutting agent•Caffeine
NPS in 2015
At DIMS more often New Psychoactive Substances (also called 'research
chemicals') are handed in. This mainly involves 4-FA, whereas other NPS are much
less frequently submitted for analysis.
0
200
400
600
800
2011 2013 20152014
4-FA (4-fluoroamphetamine) in 20154-FA (also known as 4-fluoroamphetamine of 4-FMP) was submitted to DIMS for the first time in 2007. Of all NPS, at present 4-FA is handed in at DIMS most often.
Effects of 4-FA•Increased energy•Euphoria•Talkative•Delays fatigue
Risks•Exhaustion•Nausea, vomiting•Headache, confusion,
dizziness•Palpitations
!
Since 2007, the number of 4-FA samples handed in at DIMS has sharply increased. In 2015, more 4-FA samples
were submitted at DIMS than in all other years combined.
0
200
400
600
800
20152013201120092007
1 4 12 6 29 4180
319
708
4-FA is commonly handed in as apowder, but sometimes also as a pill
or capsule and seldom as fluid.(In italic, average purity or dosage,and price per pill/capsule/powder)
€ 14€ 4.40
€ 8.70
3 fluids
369powders
74%210pills
138 mg
126capsules
73% The number of ketamine samples grows fast, over the last 3 years a tripling of samples was found.
Risks•Bad trip•Nausea, vomiting•Respiratory disorders•Muscle stiffening or paralysis
!
Average price per grampowder: € 25
Ketamine in 2015
The number of ketamine samples handed in grows fast.
0
100
200
300
400
2005 2010 2015
16
112
362
Ketamine samples often containother substances.
58%ketamine
10%lidocaine
6%methoxe-tamine
5%deschloro-ketamine
21%other
Effects•Mind altering•Out-of-body experience
Purity77% in 2015
Product number: INF012Text: Daan van der Gouwe and Sander RigterInfographic: Rikkers Infographics
© 2016, Trimbos-instituut, Utrecht
All rights reserved. No part of this publicationmay be reproduced and / or published in anyform or by any means without prior permissionfrom the Trimbos Institute.
More information:www.drugs-test.nl
dims@trimbos.nl
LSD in 2015Two percent of the submitted samples consists of LSD. In more than a quarter of the submitted LSD samples, substances other than LSD were detected.
Average price perblotter: € 5
Risks•Bad trip•Nausea•Flash backs
Effects•Hallucinogenic
Average dosage74 µg in 2015
!
The number of delivered LSD samples more than quadrupled
since 2005.
0
100
200
300
2005 2010 2015
57
114
243
In 2015, in 73% of samples sold asLSD, this substance was actually
detected.
11%NBOMe
7%Nothing 9%
DOC
73%LSD
2C-B (4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine) is commonly handed in as a pill but sometimes as a powder as well. The effects strongly depend on
the dosis taken. 95% of the pills handed in as 2C-B contained 2C-B.
Average price per pill: € 4
Risks•Bad trip•Effects stronger than
expected/overdose
!
Effects•At low dose: euphoria,
increased energy•At high dose: hallucinogenic
Averagedosage pills11 mg in 2015
2C-B in 2015
The number of submitted samples of 2C-B has exhibited an
upward trend since 2011.
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
‘11 ‘12 ‘13 ‘14 ‘15
6482
102
155
268
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