anthropological foundation of education
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Anthropological
Foundation of Education
Rhea Angel
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Anthropology
Greek word Anthrope - man + logy -study= Science of man/ study of mankind
-science that treats the origin,development (physical, intellectual,
moral, etc.) and particularly thecultural development, customs,beliefs, etc of man.
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Branches of Anthropology
AnthropologyPhysical
anthropology
Man asbiological
animal
Cultural anthropology
Linguistics
(Analysis of Language
)
Archaeolo
gy
EthnologyPeoples cultures and
Behaviours
Social
Anthropology(Development of
scientificgeneralizationsabout a culture,
society or personality in a
Ethnology (Scientific
descriptionand
classificationsof racial
groups of mankind)
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Of What use is Anthropology?
Reduces ethnocentrism
Contributes toeducation
Programs of aid in the military, economicand political fields are evaluated through
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Cultural Anthropology
Focused on the study of culturalvariation among humans, collectingdata about the impact of global
economic and political processes onlocal cultural realities.deals with mans behavior and withways human beings carry out theactivities of daily living. The diversityof human behavior is seen in: foodhabits, ways food is cooked, habits of dress and ornaments and relationswith in-laws
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culture
Dressler- a social heritage, transmittedfrom one generation to another andshared.
Consists of the sum total skills, beliefs,knowledge, arts, laws, morals,customs and products that are
commonly shared by a number of people and transmitted to their children.
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a. Dynamism
Static-Emphasizes culturaltransmission
Eg. The same culture is passed fromone generation to generation
Dynamic- emphasizes change It goes through revision with each
generation
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b. CharacteristicsLearned- because of our intellect andwill Varied- Because our social and physical
nature varies from one place to another.
Group product because culture consists of group habits
Transmitted- because we are heir to our social tradition
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c. Stability
Culture issatisfying thegroup
stable
If culture doesntsatisfy the group
when violent conflictoccurs before
changes are made
unstable
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d. Form
tangible House, tools
etc .Material
symbolic Folkways,custo
ms, sentiments,mores
Nonmaterial
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e. Components
ValuesIdea of right of
wrong
BeliefsView of reality shared
by a group
Behaviours Are observable
patterns of behavior
NormsRange of permissiblebehaviour established
by the group
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f. Functions of culture
Communication Value standards
Approved behaviours
Survival skills and knowledge
Identity and belonging
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g. Universal pattern
For example emotions and emotionalexpressions are common across allcultures so we all cry when we are sad
and laugh when we are happy. Wealso have common attitudes andopinions such as supportive views
towards honesty and we universallydetest crime.
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Universal pattern
Keesing - language is a vocalsymbolism of speech, with its relatedbodily gestures and mechanicalsignals which give precision andfinesse to communication.
Beals and Hoijer - a way of speaking,distinct in every culture.
Language and Speech
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Language and speech
Total languages spoken bet. 120-175. We have 80languages which are Malayo Polynesian Language(southeast asia)-Cebuano, Tagalog, Ilocano, etc.
Since 1938, our government hadestablished a national language which isTagalog. English is still our universal
language.50% of the population speaks English and a nativelanguage while for the educated Filipino, it iscommon to be trilingual.
Universal pattern
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Art [dance/music/literature] Art serves as a medium for thecommunication of ideas, attitudes andvalues.
Art conserves and reinforces beliefs,customs, attitudes and values.The religious art in the architecture of churches, the religious scenes, andthe images of saints create emotionaland intellectual atmosphere neededfor religious exercises.
Universal pattern
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Art
Literature is small but of high quality. Someearly literature are destroyed because
They were writtenon easy materialssuch as branch of
woods, stones,leaves, and etc...
They were burnedby the early
Spanish friarsbecause of theidea that they
were works of evil.
Universal pattern
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technology
Other Pre-Spanish Filipino industriesincluded the manufacture of liquorsand vinegars like tuba, basi, etc,
export of edible bird's nests fromNorthern Palawan to China, theraising and trade of civet cats, the
manufacture of gunpowder, themaking of wax for export to China, andthe making of cotton stockings for export.
Universal pattern
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Property System
This promotes conflict between therich and the poor
Universal pattern
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warfare
Examples:
Execution of the 3friars (GUMBURZA)
KATIPUNAN by AndresBonifacio
Universal pattern
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Mythology and Science
Myths and rituals are mostlyinfluenced by the Indians, suchBathala and Mariyang Makiling.
In 1865, studies of tropical typhoonsstarted in ManilaIn 1937, the national research council
of the Philippines explored thephysical, biological and socialsciences.
Universal pattern
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Family and Society
Marriage is seen to be sacredThe Barangay, which is the smallestunit of social and political organizationis being led by the Maharlika or Datu,Nobleman or close relatives of thechief.
Universal pattern
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Supernatural Beliefs (andReligion)
animism Mana
Prayer Magic
shamans priest
Universal pattern
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Historical foundation of education in relation to PoliticalSystem
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Political system
Pre-Spanish Period- The early Filipinosconsidered education as a way topreserve their culture and transmit thisknowledge to future generations.-education was informal andunstructured babaylan posses wisdomand knowledge in spirituality and systemof governing their own society-children were provided with vocationaltraining and less academics by parentsand houses of tribal tutors
Pre-spanish period
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Spanish Regime
Schools were established with theobjective of rearing children to learnskills acquired by the youth in Spain.The educational system was under the
control of the Roman Catholic Church.education was religion -centered -education for the elite only- Spanish is compulsory
- Boys and girls school are separated- Inadequate, suppressed and controlledPriests-educators
Political system
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Thomasites/American Era
Education was a means by whichpeople can be oriented toward ademocratic way of life, they madeeducation accessible to all.
American teachers US civilian andprofessional citizens- thomasites- free and compulsory elementary- English is the medium of instruction- 600 teachers from USA taught inPhilippines
Political system
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Japanese EducationalPolicies
Education was an instrument for Filipinos to embrace Japaneseideologies. It promoted vocational
education and inspired people with thespirit of labor creation of ministry of education
- teaching of Tagalog, Phil. History andCharacter Education
Political system
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TRIFOCAL EDUCATIONAL
SYSTEM- DECS (Elementary and High School)- CHED Higher Education- TESDA Technology BasedEducation
Political system
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Cultural implications onEducation
Since culture is made by man himself, heshould develop worthwhile values andweed out those beliefs, mores,superstitions, etc. that are detrimental toprogress.Since culture changes, the changeshould be for the better and societyshould decide what those changesshould be.The home, the school and the churchshould guard against borrowing from
other cultures things that are against the
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Technology on education
The contemporary teacher must befamiliar with the new educationaltechnologies for delivering qualityteachingEducational technology can benefitour country in enhancing educationthrough providing assistance to
students learning, teacher productivityand by making schools more effectiveinstruments of change.
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Implication of language andspeech to education
A major tool to learning and basicrequirement to interpersonalrelationships.
Means of preserving cultural heritage.Criterion that differentiates theeducated from the uneducated.
The more languages a person knows,the better educated he is and theeasier he can adjust to other people.
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Thank you!!!
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