antonella bogoni cnit-tecip · bogoni a., “photonics for new generation fully -digital radar and...

Antonella Bogoni CNIT-TECIP

Microwave Signal Generation • High purity carrier generation • Arbitrary waveform generation • Terahertz signal generation

Microwave Signal Distribution • Analog photonic link • Radio over Fiber • Antenna remoting

Microwave Signal Processing • Photonic ADC • Photonic beamforming • Photonic filters and up\down conversion

Microwave Signal Measurement • Instantaneous frequency measurement • Warfare Receiver

Different functionalities could be exploited

via different systems:

Different carrier frequency

Different waveforms

Different bandwidth

……

Currently each apparatus work in specific

conditions

The performance get worsen as the RF

frequency increases

A multifunction radar is a single unit (operating in more than one band) will perform target detection and identification, tracking, discrimination on a large number of target as well as environmental mapping, communication links etc. etc..

The evolution of software defined radar (SDR) receivers strongly depends on the progress of high speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs)

The key challenges for a high-speed ADC that also represent the current electronic issues are: are: Large input bandwidth (BW) High sampling rates Sensitivity and dynamic range (SNR & SFDR) Quality of the digitized signal (ENOB)

The surveillance of surrounding environment in complex scenarios can be enabled by Multifunctional Coherent Radar

The key challenges for Software Defined Generator that also represent the current electronic issues are: Wide bandwidth Waveform flexibility Carrier frequency flexibility (up to mmW) Superior phase stability

Today’s best electronic ADCs show only few GHz of analog BW, with a sampling clock aperture jitter of hundreds of femtoseconds

Today’s best electronic DDS are available only at low frequency (few GHz) and they require analog up-conversion stages using mixers which introduces phase noise and distortions

RF frequency

Phas

e no

ise

~1GHZ photonics

electronics

TX Electronic solutions Photonic-based solutions

RF carrier Single band 400 MHz–50 GHz

SNR > 60 dB >53 dB

Jitter Depending on the RF

> 100 fs at 10 GHz

<10 fs

Inst band Few MHz Up to 1 GHz

Modulation formats Amplitude and phase coding Amplitude and phase coding

Our results

By MIT

Optical PathElectrical Path

JOURNALS 1.Ghelfi P., et al., accepted for publication on Optics Letters 2013. 2.Ghelfi P., et al , IEEE J. Quantum Electron. Vol. 48, n. 9, 1151-1157, Sept. 2012. 3.Ghelfi P., et al, IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 30, n.11, 1638-1644, June 2012. 4.Serafino G., et al , IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 29, n. 23, 3551-3559 December 2011.

CW

Radar Pulse

ν0

ν0 + NΔν

NΔν + δν

ν

NΔν + δν

ν

NΔν + δννν

ννν0

ννν0 + NΔν

Mod.

CW

The phase stability is the main issue Complex feedbacks are required

Optro-electro transducer

Optical specturm

Electrical specturm

Optical specturm

Continuous wave LASERS

f=N∆ν

NΔν + δννν

Phase locked modes should ensure high phase stability of the RF signal Selecting couple of modes at variable detuning, RF signals at tunable carrier can be

generated To avoid phase variation due to mechanical vibrations, the scheme should exploit

integrated optics

MLL

MZM

WaveformGenerator

ν0

ν0+NΔν

NΔν

ν

ν

νν0 + NΔν

ν0 ν

ν

ν0

Δν

MLL

MZMMZM

WaveformGenerator

ν0

ν0+NΔν

NΔν

ν

ν

νν0 + NΔν

ν0 ν

ν

ν0

Δν

f=N∆ν Optical specturm

Optical specturm

Pulse laser

Optical filters Modulator

NΔν + δννν

Electrical specturm

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

0 10 20 30 40 50 60RF Frequency [GHz]

Tim

ing

Jitte

r [fs

]

Integration Intervals:Integration Intervals:

It is constant for any generated frequency The measured timing jitter is low (2.5% of the carrier period at 50GHz)

530fs

4fs

G. Serafino, IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 29, n. 23, 3551-3559 December 2011.

Optical PathElectrical Path

JOURNALS 1.Ghelfi P., et al., accepted for publication on Optics Letters 2013. 2.Ghelfi P., et al , IEEE J. Quantum Electron. Vol. 48, n. 9, 1151-1157, Sept. 2012. 3.Ghelfi P., et al, IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 30, n.11, 1638-1644, June 2012. 4.Serafino G., et al , IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 29, n. 23, 3551-3559 December 2011.

MLL MZ mod.

ADC

Received RADAR signal

Time Domain Parallelizer (DEMUX)

ADC

…

t t

÷N

t t

MZswitch

MZswitch

MZswitch

RF Port 1

RF Port 2

RF Port 3

Optical input t

t

Optical Output 1

Optical Output 2

Optical Output 3

Optical Output 4

t

t

t

t

t 1:4 parallelizer

Device developed by Selex, within Nexpresso project

Optical PathElectrical Path

JOURNALS 1.Ghelfi P., et al., accepted for publication on Optics Letters 2013. 2.Ghelfi P., et al , IEEE J. Quantum Electron. Vol. 48, n. 9, 1151-1157, Sept. 2012. 3.Ghelfi P., et al, IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 30, n.11, 1638-1644, June 2012. 4.Serafino G., et al , IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 29, n. 23, 3551-3559 December 2011.

SFDR = 15dBc 2th HR = 38dBc

SFDR = 57dBc 2th HR = 55dBc

SFDR = 65dBc 2th HR = 55dBc

Raw data

Gain\offset equalization

Time skew equalization

Performances enhancement due to the Digital Signal Processing

TX Jitter <10 fs SNR >53 dB

RF carrier 400 MHz–50 GHz

Inst band Up to 1 GHz Modulation formats Amplitude and

phase coding RX

ENOB > 7 carrier 400 MHz-40 GHz

Inst band Up to 1 GHz

RF Carrier 9.9GHz CW RF Output Power

-30dBm

Waveform type Pulse, Barker, Frank, PRBS, Golay

Waveform bandwidth

40MHz max

Waveform IF 100 MHz Waveform IF power

About 10dBm

RF Received Carrier

DC-20GHz

Input power About 0dBm (max 10dBm)

Sampling frequency

16MHz, 80MHz, 400MHz

Received Bandwidth

8MHz, 40MHz, 200MHz

Multiband integrated arrayed RADCOM system (radar and communication)

ENOB (Effective Number of bits)> 10; SINAD (Signal to noise and distortion) >60dB

Low phase noise SNR > 60 dB

Instantaneous bandwidth up to 1GHz

Detection, tracking of multiple targets– high resolution imaging

1. P.Ghelfi, F. Laghezza, F. Scotti, G. Serafino, S. Pinna, A. Bogoni “Advanced Photonic architectures for Radar Systems” Optics Express Vol. 21, n. 19, 2013.

2. Ghelfi P., Laghezza F., Scotti F., Serafino G., S. Pinna, Bogoni A.“ PHODIR: Photonics-based fully digital radar system”, 2013 IEEE International Topical Meeting on Microwave Photonics (MWP), Alexandria, Virginia, USA.

3. Ghelfi P., Laghezza F., Scotti F., Serafino G., S. Pinna, Bogoni A.“Photonic-assisted RF transceiver” ECOC 2013, London UK, September 2013

4. Bogoni A., “Photonics for new generation fully-digital radar and wireless communication systems: from the photonic-based RF signal generation to the optical RF sampling”, Plenary talk, International Workshop pn telecommunications, Brazil, May 2013.

Invited contributions

1. Ghelfi P., Serafino G., Scotti F., Laghezza F., and Bogoni A., “Flexible Receiver for Multi-Band OFDM Signals at Millimeter-Waveband based on Optical Down-Convertion”, Optics Letters vol.37, n.18, pp. 3924-3926, 2012.

2. Ghelfi P., Scotti F., Laghezza F., and Bogoni A., "Phase Coding of RF Pulses in Photonics-Aided Frequency-Agile Coherent Radar Systems", IEEE J. Quantum Electron. Vol. 48, n. 9, 1151-1157, Sept. 2012.

3. Ghelfi P., Scotti F., Laghezza F., Bogoni A., “Photonic Generation of Phase-Modulated RF Signals for Pulse Compression Techniques in Coherent Radars”, IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 30, n.11, 1638-1644, June 2012.

4. F. Laghezza, F. Berizzi, A. Capria, A. Cacciamano, P. Ghelfi, G. Serafino, A. Bogoni. “Reconfigurable Radar Transmitter Based on Photonic Microwave Signal Generation”. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MICROWAVES AND WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES Volume 3, Special Issue 03, pp 383-389. 2011.

5. Scotti F., Ghelfi P., Laghezza F., Serafino G., Pinna S., Bogoni A., “Flexible True-Time-Delay Beamforming in a Photonics-Based RF Broadband Signals Generator”, ECOC2013, London, UK, Sept. 2013.

6. Pierno L., Fiorello A.M., Bogoni A., Ghelfi P., Laghezza F., Scotti F., Pinna S., “Optical switching matrix as Time Domain Demultiplexer in photonic ADC”, EUMiC 2013.

7. Scotti F., Laghezza F., Pinna S., Ghelfi P., and Bogoni A., "High Precision Photonic ADC with Four Time-Domain-Demultiplexed Interleaved Channels", Photonics in Switching 2013, TuO1-3, Osaka,.

8. Laghezza F., Scotti F., Pinna S., Ghelfi P., Bogoni A., “Jitter-Limited Photonic Analog-to-Digital Converter with 7 Effective Bits for Wideband Radar Applications”, International Radar Conference 2013, Canada

9. Ghelfi P., Serafino G., Scotti F., Laghezza F., Bogoni A., "Flexible Multi-Band OFDM Receiver Based on Optical Down-Conversion for Millimeter Waveband Wireless Base Stations", P6.06, ECOC 2012, Amsterdam, The Nederlands, 2012

Regular contributions

email: antonella.bogoni@cnit.it

thank you!