apa, 5 th edition made easy how a scholarly paper should look by freda turner, ph.d. updated 11/2002...

APA, 5APA, 5thth Edition Made Easy Edition Made EasyHow A Scholarly Paper How A Scholarly Paper

Should LookShould Look

By Freda Turner, Ph.D.By Freda Turner, Ph.D.

Updated 11/2002Updated 11/2002

Fturner@email.uophx.eduFturner@email.uophx.eduUOP

Basics

Font: Courier, Times New Roman, 12 point

Margins, 1.0 all around- ragged right margin left margin can be l.5 inches if instructor

has requested the paper to be bound.

Everything is double spaced – this includes quotes and reference page.

Title Page

• Page numbers start with title page by setting header feature of your software.

Header includes 2 or 3 words from title, then 5 spaces and page number. See example of Title Page on next slide.

See example of a title page on the next slide.

Title Page

• Page numbers start with title page by setting header feature of your software.

Header includes 2 or 3 words from title, then 5 spaces and page number. See example of Title Page on next slide.

See example of a title page on the next slide.

Title page 1

Running head: YOUR TITLE

Appropriate Title Your name

University of Phoenix

See example on page 306 of APA handbook, 5th edition

Sample title pageSample title page

Text pages

Title of paper is centered on first page of text.

All paragraphs are indented 5-7 spaces

Everything is double spaced

Must have at least 2 lines of a paragraph at the bottom of the page and 2 at the top of the page.

22 Easy Rules on Quotes

•1. Short quotes with fewer than 40 words are incorporated into text and enclosed by quotation marks.

•Example: “Approximately 27% of the workforce displays poor emotional intelligence” (Miele, 1993, p. 276).(Publication Manual, 2001, p. 118)

Block Quote over 40 wordsBlock Quote over 40 words

Miele (1993) found the following:Miele (1993) found the following:

The ‘placebo effect,’ which had beenThe ‘placebo effect,’ which had been

verified in previous studies disappeared verified in previous studies disappeared whenwhen

behaviors were studied in this manner. behaviors were studied in this manner.

The behaviors were not exhibited again The behaviors were not exhibited again

even when real drugs were giveneven when real drugs were given.. (p. 40) (p. 40)

Electronic Quotes

• Documents retrieved from the Internet should include Internet source, document title, date retrieved (URL or uniform resource locator). Remember, properly cited sources add to the researcher’s credibility.

• Electronic Example:As Myers (2000, para. 5) aptly phrased it, “positive emotions are great.”

CitationsCitations

(Cheek & Turner, 1981, p. 332)  

(Jones, 1989, chap. 3)

  (Myers, 2000, ¶ 5)

 (Bow, 2000, Summary section, para. 1)

Reference or References

Reference page follows text and references must be discussed and cited in text.

If you have 5 references listed on your reference page, you must have citations in the text.

Watch reference Watch reference indentations!indentations!Double space references.First line is flush left with remaining

lines of reference indented 5 spaces

Next slide provides an example

Example 4 References•

Elkind, D. (1978). The child's reality: Three

developmental themes. New York:

Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.      Issac, G. (1995). Is solar disorder timed?

Adolescents, 30 (118), 273-276.

-

No Author Reference No Author Reference CitationCitation

Book, no author or editor:Book, no author or editor:

• Merriam-Webster’s collegiate Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary dictionary

(10(10thth ed.). (1993). Springfield, ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: MA:

Merriam-Webster.Merriam-Webster.

Note references are flush left with 2nd & 3rd lines indented

No Author, Web No Author, Web CitationCitation• Title of article. (1987). Retrieved from Title of article. (1987). Retrieved from

URL URL

_____ on 7/7/2002._____ on 7/7/2002.

Another example:Another example:History of South West Airlines. Retrieved History of South West Airlines. Retrieved

ProQuest at UOP online on 7/7/2002.ProQuest at UOP online on 7/7/2002.

Electronic retrieved materialElectronic retrieved material• Borman, W. C. (2001). Role of supervisor Borman, W. C. (2001). Role of supervisor

Journal of Applied Psychology, 78Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 443-449. , 443-449.

Retrieved Retrieved October 23, 2002, from UOP October 23, 2002, from UOP

ProQuest data. ProQuest data. • ORORJones, G. (2001). Role of reference elements. Jones, G. (2001). Role of reference elements. Prevention Research, 5Prevention Research, 5, 117-123. Retrieved , 117-123. Retrieved October 13, 2001 http://jbr.org/article.htmlOctober 13, 2001 http://jbr.org/article.html

Newspaper Article, Newspaper Article, Electronic versionElectronic version• Hills, P. J. (1999, February 16). In Hills, P. J. (1999, February 16). In

forecasting their emotions, most forecasting their emotions, most

people flunk out. people flunk out. New York TimesNew York Times. .

Retrieved November 21, 2000, from Retrieved November 21, 2000, from

http://www/nytimes.com.http://www/nytimes.com.

Computer Software Computer Software ReferenceReference• Miller, M. E. (1993). The Interactive Miller, M. E. (1993). The Interactive

Tester (Version 4.0) [Computer Tester (Version 4.0) [Computer

software]. Westminter, CA: Psytek software]. Westminter, CA: Psytek

Services.Services.

No Author/no Date ExampleNo Author/no Date ExampleAlphabetize works with no author by the first word in Alphabetize works with no author by the first word in

the title. Example:the title. Example:

The new health-care lexicon. (1993, The new health-care lexicon. (1993,

August/September). August/September). Health Care TodayHealth Care Today, 4, , 4, 1-2. 1-2. Or (NO AUTHOR, NO DATE)Or (NO AUTHOR, NO DATE)

Document title or name of Web page. (n.d.) Document title or name of Web page. (n.d.)

Retrieved [date] from [URL]Retrieved [date] from [URL]

Same Author Variables (see Same Author Variables (see p. 221) arrange p. 221) arrange alphabetically by titlealphabetically by title

• Jones, J. R. (2001a). Jones, J. R. (2001a). CControl….ontrol….

• Jones, J. R. (2001b). Jones, J. R. (2001b). RRoles of ….oles of ….

Same Authors, Different Same Authors, Different Year of Publication; list Year of Publication; list earliest publication first (see earliest publication first (see p. 220, APA, 5p. 220, APA, 5thth edition). edition).

• Jones, J. R. , & Wright, K. (2000).Jones, J. R. , & Wright, K. (2000).

• Jones, J. R. , & Wright, K. (2001).Jones, J. R. , & Wright, K. (2001).

Common Knowledge

    Exception to the citation rule: Common knowledge–commonly known facts (e.g., Washington D.C. is the capital of the U.S.) does not need a citation even if one had to look up the data.When in doubt, CITE references and citations

Adding EmphasisAdding Emphasis

• If you want to emphasize a word or If you want to emphasize a word or words, italicize them. Do not put words, italicize them. Do not put them in quotations marks.them in quotations marks.

• Wrong:Wrong: He is “politically correct.” He is “politically correct.”

• Correct: Correct: He is He is politically correctpolitically correct..

Information on emphasis added to original presentation by Bette Keeling, PhD, RN, CNAA

Tables• Table usually presents quantitative data and if

included must be discussed in text and should be on the same page as discussed for reader ease.

• Everything is double spaced• Number all tables with Arabic numbers (1,2,3),

double space and add a clear title. • Clarify where the copied table originated.

Example that goes above your table: • Table 1 Analysis of Grade Variance

Figures

• Each figure is numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned in the text.

• Figures are photographs, drawings or non-quantitative data.

• Each figure must have a caption and is located at the top left.

• Example:Example: Figure 1. Gender Differences

Order of APA Pages

•Title page with header, title, byline and school name

•Abstract if required by professor

•Text pages-remember title

•Reference Page/s –get their own page

Common APA Felonies

Failure to:•Double space EVERYTHING•Remember ragged right edge•Quotes need 3 things (authors

last name, year of publication and pg/para number, URL, chapter, etc.)

•References flush left for first line and never use author’s first name, only initials.

APA is easyAPA is easy

What is new:What is new:Updates on: apastyle.orgUpdates on: apastyle.org

Consequences of not Consequences of not citing is called citing is called

PlagiarismPlagiarism

Roots of PlagiarismRoots of Plagiarism

• The word “plagiarism”

is derived from a Latin word for manstealer, or kidnapper, and by extension literary thief.

Plagiarism is using Plagiarism is using another’s:another’s:• Words/FactsWords/Facts

• Graphs/ChartsGraphs/Charts

• Direct quotesDirect quotes

Alarming 2001 Alarming 2001 StatisticsStatisticsRutgers survey of 4,500 high school students &

2,100 students at 21 colleges illustrates the issue:

74% admitted to some kind of cheating.

90% of students believe that cheaters are either never caught or 90% of students believe that cheaters are either never caught or have never been appropriately disciplined--have never been appropriately disciplined-- US News and US News and World Report poll World Report poll

(Straw, 2002, para. 1)

How Universities are How Universities are respondingresponding1. 1. Cornell students- take Cornell students- take courses that define courses that define

boundaries of academic integrity.boundaries of academic integrity.

2. Colgate University and Kansas State University 2. Colgate University and Kansas State University require plagiarism orientation sessions. require plagiarism orientation sessions.

3. Trinity College – students sign 3. Trinity College – students sign integrity contractintegrity contract..

4.4. University of North Carolina: Established a Police University of North Carolina: Established a Police Blotter of cheating incidents.Blotter of cheating incidents.

5. A June 2002 New Jersey Superior Court Judge 5. A June 2002 New Jersey Superior Court Judge upheld Princeton University.upheld Princeton University.

University of PhoenixUniversity of Phoenix

University of Phoenix Academic Policy: University of Phoenix Academic Policy: Students are subject to disciplinary Students are subject to disciplinary actions for “intentionally or knowingly actions for “intentionally or knowingly representing the words or ideas of representing the words or ideas of

another as one's own in an academic another as one's own in an academic

exercise.”exercise.”

APA, 5th Edition revised 11/2002

Send comments/recommendations to Dr. Freda Turner

fturner@email.uophx.edu