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Dr. Kristen Betts Drexel University

APA

References: Avoid Common Mistakes

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•  APA Manual: 6th Edition, 2nd Printing

•  References: APA Manual and APA website

•  Musts: In-text Citations and References

•  Learn Now: Save TIME and POINTS now and later

APA: Need to Know

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•  Double-spaced with a ½ inch hanging indent

•  Invert name: Last Name, First Initial (middle initial optional), Year

•  Comma after the last name and a period after BOTH the first and middle initials.

•  Two or More Authors: COMMA after first/middle initial – also before & - Smith, E. A., & McEvoy, M. (2012).

•  More than one initial,make sure you have space in between author’s initials: Jones, K. A. Not Jones, K.A.

References Rules:

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Examples:

Harlow, H. F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology:

Comparative journal articles. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.

Smyth, A. M., Parker, A. L., & Pease, D. L. (2012). Stress levels in doctoral students: Comparative study. Journal of Abnormal

Psychology, 9(2), 120-125. Retrieved from http://www.articlehomepage.com/full/url/

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Rules: •  Only the first words and proper nouns in an article's title and

subtitle are capitalized; all others are lowercase. Note: Following a colon first word will be capitalized

•  Journal titles have the first letter of each word capitalized with the exception of “minor words.”

References

5 51195 Source: http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/capitalization/

Minor words: three letters or fewer, namely, for conjunctions (words like and, or nor, and but), articles (the words a, an, and the), and prepositions (words like as, at, by, for, in, of, on, per, and to), as long as they aren’t the first word in a title or subtitle.”

Rules: (cont.)

•  Journal title and Volume number are italicized.

•  Issue number is NOT italicized.

References

•  No space between Volume and Issue. Note: Italicized Volume number actually touches the parenthesis e.g., 6(2), 12-16.

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•  Page numbers are not italicized. Period after the page numbers.

•  Retrieved from URL NO colon or date or period, NOT blue URL Example: Retrieved from http://www.cnn.com

Examples:

Towsend, H. (1983). Basics for writing psychology journal articles: A comparative study. Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, 46, 605-616.

Boyle, K. F., Anderson, A. S., & Peters, B. N. (2002). A study of migratory birds. Journal of Ornithology, 8(3), 120-125. Retrieved from http://www.articlehomepage.com/full/url/

Comma AFTER journal Comma AFTER Volume/Issue DASH w/ page numbers followed by period No PERIOD after url

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APA citation format for a published dissertation:

•  Last name, Author First Initial. Author Second Initial. (Year). Title

of dissertation (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from Name of database. (Accession or Order Number)

References

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Remember: •  Capital “D” for Doctoral w/ small case “d” for dissertation •  No period after Title of dissertation - only after the parentheses

(Doctoral dissertation). •  No period after (Accession or Order Number) •  Only use Retrieved from – do not use Available through •  Only use ProQuest Dissertations and Theses – do not put

ProQuest Digital Dissertations or ProQuest LLC

APA citation format for a published dissertation:

•  Use No. after AAT, UMI, ED within the parentheses with Accession or Order Number

(AAT No. 3411606) (UMI No. 3411606)

(ED No. 3411606)

References

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Walker, K. D. (2010). Self-efficacy in middle school

mathematics (Doctoral dissertation). Retrieved from

ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (AAT No. 3411606)

APA citation format for a published thesis:

References

Hall, B. (1976). Deprivation theory and occult belief (Master's

thesis). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses.

(ED No. 8411702)

Bonsail, A. (2012). Pain relief: Relaxation techniques and

multimodal arts therapy (Master's thesis). Retrieved from

ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (UMI No. 1451129)

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APA Manual pp. 207-208 show No. APA office in Washington, DC says that No. must be included with UMI, AAT, and ED.

APA citation format for a unpublished dissertation:

Last name, Author First Initial. Author Second Initial. (Year). Title

of dissertation / Title of thesis (Unpublished doctoral dissertation /

Unpublished master's thesis). Name of Institution, Location.

References

Belk, J.K. (2011). Integrative learning within tutoring in high school (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Virginia, Charlottesville.

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Smith, B. (1991). Deprivation theory and occultism (Unpublished master's thesis). University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.

Seven Authors or More

•  List the first six authors and then use ellipses after the sixth author's name. After the ellipses, list the last author's name of the work.

Jacobson, K. P., Smith, A. J., Burkes, E. ., Hampton, Q. S.,

Staunton, A., Bathgate, S. L., . . . Agassi, Z. N. (2014).

Technology applications for problem-based learning.

Journal for Applied Science, 17, 123-142.

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•  Center, Agency, Organization, Association,

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). CDC

recommendations for the amount of time persons with influenza-like

illness should be away from others. Retrieved from

http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/guidance/exclusion.htm

•  Magazine or Newspaper

Henry, W. A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today's schools.

Time, 135, 28-31.

References •  Unknown Author

Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1991). Springfield,

MA: Merriam-Webster.

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References •  Book

Welsh, P., & Valdosta, S. T. (1991). APA guide to writing and submitting

manuscripts for journal publication. Washington, DC: American

Psychological Association.

•  Article or Chapter in an Edited Book

Smith, E. A., & McEvoy, M. (1999). Boy’s and girl's gender role

journeys: Comparative analysis from K-5.

In B. . Wainrib (Ed.), Gender issues across the life cycle (pp. 127-55).

New York, NY: Springer.

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References •  Same Author with Several Publications in Same Year

Cheever, J. (1995a). The enormous radio. In R. V. Cassill (Ed.), The Norton anthology of short fiction (5th ed., pp. 182–191). New York, NY: Norton. (Original work published 1947) Cheever, J. (1995b). The five-forty-eight. In R. V. Cassill (Ed.), The Norton anthology of short fiction (5th ed., pp. 191–202). New York, NY: Norton. (Original work published 1954)

15 1511915 Resource:

http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/2012/06/how-to-cite-multiple-works-by-the-same-author-in-a-compilation.html

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

References

Resource: http://library.villanova.edu/research/topic-guides/doi-digital-object-identifier/ 16 1611916

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Resource: http://www2.smumn.edu/deptpages/tclibrary/tutorials/finding/doi.php 18 1811918

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

•  Retrieve when available

•  There is no space between the colon after DOI and the first character in the DOI string doi:10.1108/03090560710821161

References

•  DOI: no period after a DOI string

•  Assigned vs. Unassigned DOI

•  DOI video overview: http://libguides.hsl.washington.edu/doi

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Assigned DOI – TWO Options:

Jones, D.A. (2007). Optimizing technology tools: An annotated bibliography. European Journal of Technology, 47, 1245-1283. doi:10.1108/03190560769221161

Goodwin, B.L, & Marks, P. (2010). Gaming addiction: Case study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2(5), 115-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2012-.05.005

References

No space No period Period after pages

You can CREATE a doi link

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Create a DOI web link:

doi:10.1108/03090560710821161

http://dx.doi.org/ + 10.1108/03090560710821161

http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/03090560710821161

References

Resource: http://library.ciis.edu/information/handouts/citing%20dissertations.htm 21 2111921

DOI Website: http://www.doi.org/

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Rules: •  Reference list must be alphabetized by the last name of

the first author of each work.

•  Retain the order of authors as listed in the article - even if it's not alphabetical.

•  “Published” does not mean references have correct APA.

•  Find and save good reference lists!

References

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Resources: https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/18/ 24 2411924

APA Activities

La Trobe University – Create a Book Citation http://latrobe.libguides.com/content.php?pid=145852&sid=1328781#4181558

Walden University – Exercises and Quizzes http://writingcenter.waldenu.edu/68.htm

Massey University – Interactive Review http://owll.massey.ac.nz/referencing/apa-interactive.php

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Resources

•  APA Manual, 6th Edition, 2nd Printing

•  APA Website: http://www.apastyle.org/

Note 1: Great quick links for Referencing, Formatting & Most Popular Note 2: Contact APA (send email or call) http://www.apastyle.org/contact.aspx

•  Sample APA style paper: http://www.apastyle.org/manual/related/sample-experiment-paper-1.pdf

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