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Rhodes, Greece3-7 November 2008
Application of PALSAR data to classify vegetation in an anthropogenically affected wetland area in
Central Spain (Las Tablas de Daimiel)
Thomas Schmid1, Magaly Koch2, Jesús Solana3 and Jose Gumuzzio4
1CIEMAT, Av. Complutense 22, 28040, Madrid, Spain.2Centre for Remote Sensing, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
3Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Faculty of Geography and History, 28040 Madrid, Spain.4Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Science Faculty, Madrid, Spain.
thomas.schmid@ciemat.es
Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas,Medioambientales y Tecnológicas
Rhodes, Greece, 3-7 November 2008
Rhodes, Greece3-7 November 2008
Presentation overview
• Problem statement
• Wetland project
• Objectives
• Study area
• Methodology
• Data aquisition
• Preliminary results
• Conclusion
Rhodes, Greece3-7 November 2008
Problem statement
• Wetlands in semi-arid regions are complex and vulnerable ecosystems and are especially important in maintaining and controlling the environmental quality and biodiversity.
• These areas are threatened mainly by human-induced activities causing rapid processes of degradation with loss of wetland surface.
• “Las Tablas de Daimiel” is a National Park included in the UNESCO Man and Biosphere Reserve, Special Protection Area for Birds and Ramsar Convention lists.
• This wetland is a refuge for endemic and threatened species of flora and fauna, but human induced changes leads to loss of characteristic vegetation and large colonies of aquatic birds.
• Degradation indicators include the presence of nitrophilous and invasive species; reduction in the surface area of Great Fen-Sedge; increase of halophytic vegetation and eutrophic conditions in the surface water.
Rhodes, Greece3-7 November 2008
Wetland Project
This wetland project is within the framework of the Spanish National project “Multidisciplinar analysis of geoindicators of degradation in protected wetlands “Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park” (CGL22005-06458-C02-02/HID).
Applications of ALOS in Arid/Semiarid Land Studies: Land Degradation, Natural Hazards and Water Resources. Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) as part of the ALOS user agreement (ALOS-RA-81). PI: Dr. Magaly Koch
• Climate and human control on the degradation of protected wetlands (Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park) PI: Dr. Rosa Mª Mediavilla López
• Geoindicators of wetland degradation processes in Mediterranean environments of Spain: Multisensor Remote Sensing approach. PI: Dr. Jose Gumuzzio.
Remote sensing of climate change effects on ecology and biogeochemistry of macrophyte communities in Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park: designing adaptative strategies and monitoring programs for environmental conservation.
PI: Dr. Salvador Sánchez Carrillo.
Rhodes, Greece3-7 November 2008
Fieldsampling
Laboratory
Fieldclassification
Fieldspectroradiometry
Regionalstudy
Integrated approach
Rhodes, Greece3-7 November 2008
Multisensor Remote Sensing
RADARSAT-2
Proba1/ CHRIS
Optical and microvave sensors
ALOS
PALSARAVNIR2
Satélite EO-1 NASA
ALIHyperion
ASTER
Landsat 5
Landsat 7
Rhodes, Greece3-7 November 2008
Objective
The aim of this work is to investigate the capability of ALOS PALSAR in characterizing and monitoring dynamic ecosystems by utilizing a wetland area in Central Spain for which ample information already exists.
Specific objectives within the wetland area:• Detection of wetland plant communities and invasive vegetation species.• Mapping of open water lamina and flooded vegetated areas.• Assessing the capacity of PALSAR data to determine the spatial distribution of
these different components.
Rhodes, Greece3-7 November 2008
Las Tablas de Daimiel
Madrid
Study area
430000
4 330
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4 340
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450000
0 5 km
NW E
S
NW E
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CigCigüüelaela RiverRiver
Guadiana RiverGuadiana River
Daimiel
Rhodes, Greece3-7 November 2008
Las Tablas de Daimiel National Park• Climate: Temperate-cold continental• The area is in a depressed basin filled with Tertiary sediments, mainly of limestone
and calcareous clays.• Water sources: (1) Guadiana River (freshwater) and Cigüela River (brackish)
(2) Upwelling groundwater from underlying karstic aquifer.
Salt efflorescence.
Diminishing water level.
Areas with temporal flooding.
Crop cultivation with intensive irrigation surrounding wetlands.
Rhodes, Greece3-7 November 2008
Wetland vegetation
2005 2007
Rush communitiesQuercus ilex
Phragmatis communisCladium mariscus
Other tree species
Rush communitiesQuercus ilex
Phragmatis communisCladium mariscus
Other tree species
Annual vegetation
Island areasSaline areasVegetation freeAnnual vegetation
Island areasSaline areasVegetation free
Rhodes, Greece3-7 November 2008
Methodology
• Unsupervised classification• SupervisedData processing
• Field campaigns (spectral library)• Surface sample analyses (sediment, soil, water)
Ground-truth data
Monitoring• SAR • Multispectral (ASTER, ETM+)
Data acquisition
System, atmospheric, radiometric and geometric Calibration procedures
SAR, Hyperspectral and multispectral• Wet (spring) and dry (autumn) season
Database management• Georeferenced (field data, EO data)• Thematic maps
• Hyperspectral (endmember)• SAR (polarimetric)Surface caracterisation
Rhodes, Greece3-7 November 2008
PALSAR and AVNIR2 data acquisition
PALSAR Dual pol 11 June 2007
PALSAR Quad pol 3 May 2007AVNIR2 5 November 2007
Rhodes, Greece3-7 November 2008
Preliminary results
4335
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4330
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435000 440000
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Max.
Min.
NDVI
0 5 km
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Sinclair decomposition Vegetation index classification
Rhodes, Greece3-7 November 2008
0 5 km0 5 km
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4330
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HH
0 5 km0 5 km
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NW E
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HV
0 5 km0 5 km
4335
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NW E
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0 5 km0 5 km
4335
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4330
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435000 440000
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VVVH
Preliminary results
Rhodes, Greece3-7 November 2008
Conclusions
• PALSAR offers several technical advantages to better discriminate wetland features (vegetation structure and wetland conditions).
• Due to dry conditions at present in the wetlands, it has not been possible to study the effect of shallow water bodies or aquatic plants. Data availability during wet and dry periods.
• Limitations with the PALSAR mode 1.5 data. Mode 1.1 would improve the possibility to discriminate wetland features.
• Geocoding and mode 1.1 necessity
• This work is ongoing and further application of PALSAR and AVNIR2 will be carried out together with data obtained from other sensors.
• Monitoring the wetland by integrating ALOS data to historical EO data.
Rhodes, Greece3-7 November 2008
Acknowledgements
• Many thanks go to the Jaxa team for the data management and organisation of the ALOS Palsar and AVNIR2 data.
• Further thanks go to Dr. Santos Cirujano for the identification and distribution of the vegetation.
• Funding of the National Project (CGL22005-06458-C02-02/HID)by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science.
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