arab spring 2011: the role of public spaces and digital spaces
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ARAB SPRINGThe role of Public Spaces and Digital Spaces in the Arab Spring 2011
THE ARAB SPRINGThe democratic uprisings that arose independently and spread across the Arab world in 2011.
Originated in Tunisia in December 2010 and quickly took hold in Egypt, Libya, Syria, Yemen, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, and Jordan.
PUBLIC SPACES
Bourguiba AvenueTunis, Tunisia
Tahrir SquareCairo, Egypt
Pearl RoundaboutManama, Bahrain
DIGITAL SPACES
TUNISIAN REVOLUTION
TUNISIA
POPULATION (2012)
LAND AREA
INTERNET USERS (JUNE 2012)
FACEBOOK USERS (DEC 2012)
10,732,900
163,610 km²
4,196,564
3,328,300
Source: http://www.internetworldstats.com/africa.htm
Digital SpacePublic Space
TUNISIAN REVOLUTIONDecember 18, 2010 - January 14, 2011
Sparked by the self-immolation of Mohamed Bouazizi, a26-year old Tunisian street vendor, on December 17, 2010.
Led to the ousting of President Zine El Abidine Ben Ali 28 days later on 14 January 2011, when he officially resigned afterfleeing to Saudi Arabia, ending 23 years in power.
CAUSES RESULTS
Government corruptionInflationUnemploymentPolitical repression
Overthrow of Ben Ali governmentResignation of PM GhannouchiDissolution of the political policeDissolution of the RCDRelease of political prisonersElections to a Constituent Assembly
CASUALTIES
Deaths 338Injuries 2,147
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunisian_revolution
TUNISIAN REVOLUTION
Avenue Habib Bourguiba
TUNISIAN REVOLUTION
Avenue Habib Bourguiba
Central thoroughfare of Tunis.
Aligned in an east-west direction, lined with trees and facades of shops, and fronted with street cafes on both sides.
Important monuments: Cathedral of St. Vincent de Paul, French Embassy in Tunisia and Théâtre municipal de Tunis.
Its proximity to the Interior Ministry made it an important pub-lic space for the protesters during the big demonstration on January 14, 2011.
WIDTHEAST ENDWEST END
60 mLake TunisPlace de l’Indépendance (and Avenue de France)
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenue_Habib_Bourguiba
TUNISIAN REVOLUTION
Source: http://techcrunch.com/2011/01/16/tunisia-2/
Number of tweets mentioning Tunisia
329,000,000
Number of tweets mentioning #sidibouzid
103,000+
Number of people mentioning Tunisia in tweets
50,000+
Reach in terms of Twitter users
26,000,000
TUNISIAN REVOLUTION
Source: http://techcrunch.com/2011/01/16/tunisia-2/
Virtual-reality scientist Samir Garbaya looked at Facebook posts during the revolution, and measured how much time it took for posts to result in responses like comments.
StreetbookThe transfer of the interaction from social networks to mani-festation in the real world, on the street.
TUNISIAN REVOLUTION
November
4 daysDecember 17
8 hrsJanuary 1
2 hrsJanuary 14
3 mins
Source: http://www.technologyreview.com/featuredstory/425137/streetbook/
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
EGYPT
POPULATION (2012)
LAND AREA
INTERNET USERS (JUNE 2012)
FACEBOOK USERS (DEC 2012)
83,688,164
1,001,450 km²
29,809,724
12,173,540
Source: http://www.internetworldstats.com/africa.htm
Digital SpacePublic Space
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTIONJanuary 25, 2011 – February 11, 2011
The Egyptian Revolution of 2011 took place following apopular uprising that began on January 25, 2011.
Millions of protesters from a variety of socio-economic andreligious backgrounds demanded the overthrow of the regime of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak.
CAUSES RESULTS
Police brutalityPolitical censorshipWidespread corruptionHigh unemploymentFood price inflationLow minimum wages
Overthrow of Mubarak governmentAssumption of power by Armed ForcesDemocratic election heldWriting of a new constitution
CASUALTIES
Deaths 846Injuries 6,467Arrested 12,000
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Egyptian_revolution
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
Tahrir Square
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
Tahrir SquareMajor public town square in Downtown Cairo, Egypt, also known as “Martyr Square”.
Centre of Tahrir Square: large and busy traffic circle.
Important monuments: Egyptian Museum, NDP headquarters building, Mogamma government building, Headquarters of the Arab League building, Nile Hotel, Kasr El Dobara Evangelical Church, original downtown campus of the American University in Cairo.
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahrir_Square
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
Tahrir Square January 25
January 28
January 31
February 1
25,000protesters
=
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahrir_Square
“Kullena Khaled Said” — “We Are All Khaled Said.”Facebook page created by Wael Ghonim, a 29-year-old Google marketing executive, in June 8, 2010.
Two minutes after he started his Facebook page, 300 people had joined it.
Three months later, that number had grown to more than 250,000.
He changed the name of the page’s biggest scheduled rally from “Celebrating Egyptian Police Day — January 25” to “Janu-ary 25: Revolution Against Torture, Poverty, Corruption and Un-employment.”
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
Source: http://www.nytimes.com/2012/02/19/books/review/how-an-egyptian-revolution-began-on-facebook.html
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
TwitterTrending Hashtag VolumeWorldwide
Source: http://blog.hootsuite.com/egypt-infographic/
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
Internet Blackout
EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
Internet Blackout
Source: http://blog.hootsuite.com/egypt-infographic/
BAHRAIN REVOLUTION
BAHRAIN
POPULATION (2012)
LAND AREA
INTERNET USERS (JUNE 2012)
FACEBOOK USERS (DEC 2012)
1,248,348
694 km²
961,228
413,200
Source: http://www.internetworldstats.com/middle.htm
Digital SpacePublic Space
BAHRAIN REVOLUTIONFebruary 14, 2011 – ongoing
Protests were initially aimed at achieving greater politicalfreedom and equality for the majority Shia population.
Expanded to a call to end the monarchy of King Hamadfollowing a deadly night raid on 17 February 2011 againstprotesters at the Pearl Roundabout in Manama.
CAUSES GOALS
CorruptionDiscrimination against ShiasUnemploymentSlow pace of democratisation
Abdication of King HamadConstitutional monarchyRewrite the ConstitutionEnding human rights violationsEquality for ShiasFair elections and freedom
CASUALTIES
Deaths 93Injuries 2,900+
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahraini_uprising_(2011%E2%80%93present)
BAHRAIN REVOLUTION
Pearl Roundabout
BAHRAIN REVOLUTION
Pearl RoundaboutServed originally as a major traffic intersection for routes into the capital city.
Was located in the heart of the capital Manama and wassurrounded by the Bahrain Central Market, Marina, Pearl and City Center Roundabout, Abraj Al Lulu apartment complex.
150,000 – 300,000 protesters.
Destroyed on March 18, 2011, by government forces as part of a crackdown on protesters during the Bahraini uprising.
ARAB SPRING
Role of Social MediaGrassroots mobilization
Organize the rise of civil society and activecitizenship
Counter rumor or propaganda tool
Helped people analyze government statements
Source: http://gov20.govfresh.com/a-tunisian-on-the-role-of-social-media-in-the-revolution-in-tunisia/
ARAB SPRINGThe role of Public Spaces and Digital Spaces in the Arab Spring 2011
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