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Architecting the Internet of Things

Prof. John R. WilliamsMIT Auto-ID Laboratory

Global Network

• Identity of things – Identity of things – What happens when we know where everything

is?• Software Trends

– Security on Internet (need new tools)– Change happens (build for CLEMSS)– Services – Memo

Billions of Things

Google and RFID

• AdWords – Anyone can buy and sell anything $6 billion revenue on 50c per transaction – Match search query with 100,000s marketers

intentions most profitable Advert to display• Eric Schmidt – Match every single item in

the world to a buyer

Integrating Information to Provide New Services

EPC Code +

Image Data +

CAD Data +

POS Data +

…

RFID Network• Network above EPCIS layer – Building Simulator• Business ROI from Events and Information Integration

EPCMiddleware

Secure InternetExchange

ONS

EventRegistries

Search andDiscovery

Private Network Private Network

EPC IS

EPC Readers

Internal Systems

(ERP, WMS, etc.)

EPCMiddleware

EPC IS

EPC Readers

Internal Systems

(ERP, WMS, etc.)

Auto-ID Labs RFID Network Simulator

Manufacturer

Freight Forwarder

Shipper Border Crossing

Distribution Center

RetailerRetailer

RFID Network Simulator

Realm Network

Application LayerBusiness Information Analytics

Distribution Center

EPCIS

Retail Store

EPCIS

Manufacturer

EPCIS

Shipper

EPCIS

NetworkServices

ONS

Discovery

Coordination

Registration

Realm Network

Coordinator

Maps

Issues

• Security– Confidentiality– Integrity– Authentication (often combined with Access control)– Non Repudiation (often combined with Authentication)

• Scalability and Robustness– O(N) desirable (Google in memory caching approach)– Managing Change (Interfaces, Schema…)

• Knowledge Management – Semantics - Problem of Meaning eg <ShippingDate>– Information Overload– Human Cognitive Limits