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Architect’s view on digitalisation in public services
How Open Data and PSI could help in the making of a Smart City ?
SLIDE 1
Aleksander Wyka E-mail: aleksander.wyka@hotmail.com Skype: aleksander.wyka
LinkedIn ID: pl.linkedin.com/pub/aleksander-wyka/0/b5a/653/ Certified Trainer Togaf, Archimate P3O, PRINCE II, MSP, MOR certified EU Certified Consultant (Social Business Collaboration)
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
Digital Baltic Public Conference 16 October
About Aleksander Wyka An Enterprise Architect with cross industry experience in
mission critical projects, business process re-engineering, enterprise architecture, and change management initiatives.
He worked as an IT Director, Enterprise Architect, Program Manager and Consultant in Banking, Telecom, Services, Manufacturing, Distribution, Healthcare and ICT.
He is business results oriented, creative and likes to work with models and numbers to support decision making process.
Alex champions the use of the TOGAF framework and ArchiMate visual design language to support business/technology transformations.
Recent consulting assignments:
eCommerce and Mobile Payments, digitalisation of services in Airlines, Media and Postal sectors, Green Technologies in Smart Grid.
SLIDE 2
Agenda
What does Enterprise Architect ?
Top Trends on Radar
Future possible scenarios
Systems thinking and Enterprise Architecture
What is a digital ecosystem
Business Model for Open Data Services in a Smart City
Use Cases of services provided by a Smart City
OP3 – Open Platform Standard from The Open Group
SLIDE 3
Architect’s view on digitalisation in public services
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
• EA doesn’t design houses …
• EA doesn’t develops programs in JAVA … but should understand very well business as well as technology
What does Enterprise Architect ?
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
• Enterprise Architect:
looks at the context: signals, trends, drivers and measures talks to stakeholders to evaluate their drivers, goals, objectives,
measures, concerns and high level requirements develop models, articulate principles, …, manages complexity seek consensus among various parties as an architecture is for
a community define roadmap (how to go from current to target architecture) oversee the implementation of solutions
www.inmagine.com
SLIDE 4
Evaluating signals, top trends, drivers on the socio-economic radar
• Under review: – Gartner’s Nexus of Forces (started in 2009)
– IBM’s Business Value Institute Trends (2013)
– DHL (Deutsch Post) scenarios for 2050 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VE0lPTfsBoI
• Additional lectures recommended:
– EU future scenarios: • Search for DIGITALEUROPE_Vision2020_English.pdf
• Energy, Health Care, Jobs Market, Climate …
• Building Blocks for the future • Digital Infrastructure/Next-Generation Networks
• Future Internet/Next-Generation Services
• Digital Single Market
• ICT Research & Development
• e-Skills
• Online Trust & Security
• Trade Policy
• http://ec.europa.eu/energy/energy2020/roadmap/doc/roadmap2050_ia_20120430_en.pdf
– The Economist Report – The Third Great Wave (free of charge report) – http://www.economist.com/sites/default/files/20141004_world_economy.pdf
SLIDE 5
Highly recomended
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
Agenda
What does Enterprise Architect ?
Top Trends on Radar
Future possible scenarios
Systems thinking and Enterprise Architecture
What is a digital ecosystem
Business Model for Open Data Services in a Smart City
Use Cases of services provided by a Smart City
OP3 – Open Platform Standard from The Open Group
SLIDE 6
Architect’s view on digitalisation in public services
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
7
Digital Business Transformation
Internet of Things
Cloud
Analytics
Mobile
Social
Cognitive Automation
Reducing Labor Arbitrage Advantage
Crowd Sourcing
Business Outcome-Based Value and Pricing Models
Disruptive New Competitor Types
Economic Fluctuations and Rise of Emerged Emerging Markets
Local vers. Global ? Privacy and Security Awareness
Who continue to make decisions (X,Y,Z) ? Anti-Globalization Policies and Protectionism
Re-Insourcing
Business Buying Center Shift
Gen Y Leaders
Portfolio Rationalization
Just-In-Time Service Supply Chain Ecosystems
Magnitude of impact
Consumerization
Top Trends on Radar
Does “digital” means happiness ?
5 key trends forseen by IBM in 2013 for next 5 years
• The classroom will teach you
• Buying local will beat online
• “Locals” so local BrickandClick operators would have to dispose of same capabilities as Internet Giants (Amazon, AliBaba, Apple, Google, Facebook) …
• Is it really possible that IBM could build a platform supporting a participatory network … or it is just whishful thinking … up to you to make a judgement
• Doctors will use your DNA to keep you well
• A digital guardian will protect you online
• A city will help you live in it
http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/ibm_predictions_for_future/ideas/
„Locals” won’t be able to stop you from scanning products for price comparison …
SLIDE 8
Agenda
What does Enterprise Architect ?
Top Trends on Radar
Future possible scenarios
Systems thinking and Enterprise Architecture
What is a digital ecosystem
Business Model for Open Data Services in a Smart City
Use Cases of services provided by a Smart City
OP3 – Open Platform Standard from The Open Group
SLIDE 9
Architect’s view on digitalisation in public services
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
DHL Research - Video projection: • How realisation of future socio-economical scenarios could
impact the planning and the development of our digital ecosystems. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VE0lPTfsBoI
• Enterprise Architect should have the skills to undertake information research, use various methods and technics, analyse stakeholders concerns and deal with complexity.
• He/She should be able to remove complexity when it destroys the value and keep it when it augments the value (balance between benefits and expenditure)
DHL Research – Future Scenarios 2050
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
VALUE
Use of resources
(Money, people, time,
energy & materials)
Satisfaction of needs
(Monetary and non monetary)
Balance between stakeholders
Balance between use of resourcesBala
nce
be
twe
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Exp
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reVALUE
Use of resources
(Money, people, time,
energy & materials)
Satisfaction of needs
(Monetary and non monetary)
Balance between stakeholders
Balance between use of resourcesBala
nce
be
twe
en B
ene
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&
Exp
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UK Cabinet Office
SLIDE 10
1. Untamed Economy - Impending Collapse --
SLIDE 11
More of the Same, too much of the
Same
• Driven by materialism
• Lack of agreement for sustainable development around the world
• West’s prosperity stalled
• Asia dominates international organisations
• Arctic deep sea mining
• Most of megacities stagnates (pollution, congestion, …)
I want it all and I want it now !
Heading for a Climate Crash !
2. Mega-Efficiency in Megacities ++
SLIDE 12
Paradigm shift toward Green Grow
• Megacities epicenter of social, economic and political development
• Important stakeholder in global governance
• Rural regions left behind
• Far reaching innovation in ICT (Nexus of Forces, 4D)
• Zero-emmission automated plants
• Degree of automation deeply affect day to day life (incl. home care)
Fully automated way of life
Hubs for global value chain
3. Customized Lifestyles +-
SLIDE 13
Individualisation, Massive
Customisation
• Personalised consumption patterns
• Decentralised infrastructure
• Trading in design blueprints
• Creative divide in knowledge and design
• Massive customisation
• Local food production
• Increased consumption of energy and raw materials
• Greenhouse effect is up
Growing hunger for resources
Recycling on the rise
4. Paralyzing Protectionism --
SLIDE 14
Economic hardship, Globalisation
reversed
• Separate trading blocks
• Lots of tension, international conflicts over resources
• Climate change continues
• Regional trading blocks
• Energy prices doubled
• Infrastructure quality in decline
• Downshifting in living standards
• Political distrust
Lack of compatibility in
OUTERNET
Living standards
down !
5. Global Resilience - Local Adaptation +
SLIDE 15
Policy makers focus together on crisis
management
• Many disasters due to climate change
• Shift in urban areas to safe regions
• Resilient infrastructures
• Swarm intelligence and highly adaptive systems
• Erosion of world trade
• Most of population in urban areas
Abondance was then, redundance is now !
Agenda
What does Enterprise Architect ?
Top Trends on Radar
Future possible scenarios
Systems thinking and Enterprise Architecture
What is a digital ecosystem
Business Model for Open Data Services in a Smart City
Use Cases of services provided by a Smart City
OP3 – Open Platform Standard from The Open Group
SLIDE 16
Architect’s view on digitalisation in public services
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
Some definitions for start … so we can speak same language
• Enterprise is a System, City is an Enterprise
• Enterprise Architecture is using Systems Thinking approach
• The architecture of an Enterprise is a formal description of a system, or a detailed plan of the system at component level, to guide its implementation. It is the structure of components, their inter-relationships, and the principles and guidelines governing their design and evolution over time.
• Systems thinking is the process of understanding how things, regarded as systems,
influence one another within a whole. In nature, systems thinking examples include ecosystems in which various elements such as air, water, movement, plants, and animals work together to survive or perish. In organizations, systems consist of people, structures, and processes that work together to make an organization "healthy" or "unhealthy".
• Systems thinking has been defined as an approach to problem solving, by viewing "problems" as parts of an overall system, rather than reacting to specific part, outcomes or events and potentially contributing to further development of unintended consequences.
Ref. Vikipedia SLIDE 17
Example of a smart city principle: Consider urban life before urban place; put urban place first before technology.
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
What is the best vision for our city ? How to translate its strategy into action ? Can we make it less complex and more coherent ? Which capabilities are needed for making our city more attractive for investors, citizens and tourists? Which standards/frameworks should we use for LOGD or Smart City services ?
What are key stakeholders concerns for this new initiative and what would be its value for the City ? How we can improve communication and collaboration with citizens ? What services we could make available in F2F, WEB or Mobility channels ? What are the constraints from Information Systems and Technology layers ? Should we make a proof of concept or a pilot for our new Mobility channel or our Open Data architecture ?
What should be in our project portfolio ? How we can reuse existing “bricks” to build new capabilities faster and better? What platform we need ?
What city’s enterprise architect could be working on ?
Architecture Framework
Architecting Open Data and PSI for a
Smart City ?
TOGAF Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
Enterprise Architecture analogy with Urban Planning
Properties
Used waters
Earth properties
Aerial view
Local urban plan
Geographical and Forestry Map
• High level sketch vers. multi-layered view that address views required by by various stakelholders in Paris
• Your concerns will depend on your perspective: – Parisian districts – Key monuments – Key parcs – River Seine – Key roads
We model structure and behaviour • Access channels, locations (structure) • Services, processes, functions (behaviour)
We start from
helicopter view
SLIDE 19 Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
Enterprise Architecture analogy with Urban Planning
Properties
Used waters
Earth properties
Geographical and Forestry Map
Aerial view
Local urban plan
Cell phone (GSM) network activity in Graz
Air
Ground
Sources of Open Data SLIDE 20
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014 aggregates
• Where is the digital layer (GSM phone network) ?
• Can we get hold of this data while complying with Data Protection Act ?
• Could GSM traffic data (aggregates) help in City Planning (public transport, infrastructure, taxes, disaster management etc.) ?
Agenda
What does Enterprise Architect ?
Top Trends on Radar
Future possible scenarios
Systems thinking and Enterprise Architecture
What is a digital ecosystem
Business Model for Open Data Services in a Smart City
Use Cases of services provided by a Smart City
OP3 – Open Platform Standard from The Open Group
SLIDE 21
Architect’s view on digitalisation in public services
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
Thesis: given our pervasive digitalization, we are moving at a fast pace to the era of complex digital ecosystems
• Are your customers leaving you behind digitally ?
• Customers Facing digitisation creates the most value
• With increasing digitisation there more opportunities to to engage customers and to identify what they want most
• Your digital business model has three capabilities
content customer experience and platform
Ref. CISR.MIT
It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but rather the one most adaptable to change (Charles Robert Darwin)
Which cities will thrive, which ones will decline ?
There are no more businesses that aren’t digital
SLIDE 22 Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
So what is a Digital Ecosystem ?
• A Digital Ecosystem is a distributed, adaptive, open socio-technical system with properties of self-organisation, scalability and sustainability inspired from natural ecosystems. Digital ecosystem models are informed by knowledge of natural ecosystems, especially for aspects related to competition and collaboration among diverse entities.
• The metaphor of Digital Business Ecosystem was proposed to describe a self-organizing business community that relied on Information Technology (IT) to achieve the objectives set for the European Union at Lisbon Council l, also known as Lisbon Strategy: higher growth, more and more qualified jobs and greater social inclusion.
Ref. Vikipedia
SLIDE 23 Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
Agenda
What does Enterprise Architect ?
Top Trends on Radar
Future possible scenarios
Systems thinking and Enterprise Architecture
What is a digital ecosystem
Business Model for Open Data Services in a Smart City
Use Cases of services provided by a Smart City
OP3 – Open Platform Standard from The Open Group
SLIDE 24
Architect’s view on digitalisation in public services
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
Weill & Woerner (2013), “Optimizing Your Digital Business Model,” MIT Sloan Management Review
City’s Digital Business Model Compatibility with Smart City Goals
High Value at no charge or at marginal price tag Should
promote Local versus
Global
“Giants” do not contribute as much as small and medium size local players … (better jobs, social life, taxes collected)
From producer to fridge
SLIDE 25
Should comply with Open Standards
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
How Smart City can approach long term planning and transformation ?
• Focus on every quarter numbers like most of stock exchange quoted enterprises ?
• 5 years plan ? • Assumptions:
– Change is constant – Given that acceleration of change is constant we cannot plan
any more on 5 year cycle – We have to look for signals, trend, drivers and to develop few
probable scenarios ! – And revisit our scenarios on regular basis for fine tuning and
adaptation – City needs a communication plan and a collaboration
platform for interacting with citizens and partners !
SLIDE 26
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
Given our pervasive digitalization, we are moving at a fast pace to the era of complex digital ecosystems
SLIDE 27
a Smart City
a Smart City
Collaboration Platform
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
Who are the leaders in Smart City Pack ? NYC, London, San Francisco, Paris, Stockholm or Tallin ?
Collaboration platform is a must if we
want to engage with
many stakeholders
We need to define
Information Architecture if
we want to manage
participation
What business model should underpin smart city digital ecosystem ?
• Principle: your citizens are your customers
• Data availability makes your city management more responsible and accountable
• Smart City digital business model also has three capabilities
1. content (Open Data and PSI)
2. customer experience
3. open platform
SLIDE 28
Which ones will thrive ? What capabilities need my city ?
a Smart City
a Smart City
Collaboration Platform
Stakeholders
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
Agenda
What does Enterprise Architect ?
Top Trends on Radar
Future possible scenarios
Systems thinking and Enterprise Architecture
What is a digital ecosystem
Business Model for Open Data Services in a Smart City
Use Cases of services provided by a Smart City
OP3 – Open Platform Standard from The Open Group
SLIDE 29
Architect’s view on digitalisation in public services
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
Look for Smart City business Use-Cases Define their value and develop scenarios
SLIDE 30
Define metrics for your city to track your progress
Smart City Metrics based on NYC example
• Digital reach (digital channel analytics, real time stats) • Age groups (analytics for feedback from stakeholders) • Digital input (who and what, real time stats) • Number of internal data sets published (% of use per data set) • % of data enrichment from partners and citizens (per data set) • Roadmap progress (PMO communication: on track, off track
delivery of new capabilities) • % of total city yearly budget (investment, running costs) • Need to develop a common standard for DigitalBaltic
community to promote best practices, solutions reuse and to enable community life development
http://www.nyc.gov/html/media/media/PDF/90dayreport.pdf SLIDE 31 Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
We can seek analogies from our economy What these devices have in common ?
http://inhabitat.com/oslos-all-electric-car-share-program-just-reached-1000-members/
Don’t be misled ! Behind the device we can have a complex ecosystem and a marketplace platform
iPhone xBox Samsung
SLIDE 32 Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
Use Case: healthcare support through community portal - PHR ecosystem
• Commodity devices used to deliver eHealth care (eg. Alzheimer disease)
• HIMS - Developing a pilot e-mobile app for dementia caregiver support: Lessons learned – http://ojni.org/issues/?p=3095
– http://www.alz.org/cleveland/in_my_community_59684.asp
– Context augmented for the purpose of DigitalBaltic conference
Train caregivers
Monitor patients
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
Can assist patients during
the night SLIDE 33
Example of your city Use Case Wooden toys artists cooperative ToyTroy
supported by City ecosystem
• LOGD Company Register (City’s platform): each company information record has been augmented to allow wooden toys artists in the city and suburbs to understand what exactly they do and what they have in common (see trees out of the forest)
• eID (City’s platform): artists can log into city’s portal to see their records and to provide additional information leading to cooperation initiatives
• eSyndication (City’s platform): new toys export syndicate has been set up by project leader (artists community), later on this capability would be used to invite for co-operation wooden toys manufacturers from a remote forestry region
• eReputation (City’s platform): export syndicate has elected their council from community members based on their eReputation rating
• eCollaboration (City’s platform): new export project has been opened, content provided by artists overseen by project leader
• City has engaged in an active export promotion program …
SLIDE 34 Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
Agenda
What does Enterprise Architect ?
Top Trends on Radar
Future possible scenarios
Systems thinking and Enterprise Architecture
What is a digital ecosystem
Business Model for Open Data Services in a Smart City
Use Cases of services provided by a Smart City
OP3 – Open Platform Standard from The Open Group
SLIDE 35
Architect’s view on digitalisation in public services
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
OP3 Multi sided Open Technology and Market Platform
Open Platform 3.0
Social Big data Online marketplaces
Cloud Sensors Mobility
SLIDE 36
OP3 current project: develop a standard for enterprise ecosystem
platform
Where to look for best example for the development
of our platform ?
OP3 Multi sided Open Technology and Market Platform
Sensors and Internet of Things …
Industrial Internet
Quantified Self, Quantified Life..
Crowd sourcing, funding , Open Innovation
New mechanisms
New information models
New objects
New Markets
Open Platform 3.0
SLIDE 37
Smart Business Use, Procurement, Orchestration
Compliance Security
Agile Architecture
Systems Provision and Management
Programming, Integration
SLIDE 38
What could be the best ecosystem platform for your Smart City?
Help Desk, Community Support, Partners Network
Interoperability for LOGD URI Policy – persistent, resolvable identifiers
• Commonly-agreed data models • Controlled vocabularies LDaaS – Linked Data as a Service
M2M (sensors)
Copyright Aleksander Wyka 2014
End of Presentation
SLIDE 39
I leave you with a question: How would you deal with generation gap that we can see between all these age groups while Generation X is in command in most of places … ?
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