arff for structural fire departments

ARFF FOR STRUCTURAL DEPARTMENTSPresented by:Aaron Johnsonwww.TheCodeCoach.comwww.AviationFireRisk.com

AARON JOHNSON

www.AviationFireRisk.com

What isARFF?

Why does it matter?

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN…

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN…

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN…

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN…

WHAT HAPPENS WHEN…

What do you need to know?

Where can you get the answers?

400’s

ARFF SERVICES

NFPA 403, Standard for Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting Services

at Airports

NFPA 405, Standard for the Recurring Proficiency of Airport

Firefighters

ARFF SERVICES

NFPA 412, Standard for Evaluating Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Foam Equipment

NFPA 414, Standard for Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Vehicles

AVIATION FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS

NFPA 407, Standard for Aircraft Fuel Servicing

NFPA 408, Standard for Aircraft Hand Portable Fire Extinguishers

AVIATION FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS

NFPA 409, Standard on Aircraft Hangars

NFPA 410, Standard on Aircraft Maintenance

AVIATION FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS

NFPA 415, Standard on Airport Terminal Buildings, Fueling Ramp Drainage, and Loading Walkways

NFPA 418, Standard for Heliports

AVIATION FACILITIES AND OPERATIONS

NFPA 423, Standard for Construction and Protection of Aircraft Engine Test Facilities

EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND PLANNING

NFPA 402, Guide for Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Operations

NFPA 422, Guide for Aircraft Accident/Incident Response

Assessment

NFPA 424, Guide for Airport/Community Emergency

Planning

WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW

• YOUR AVIATION FACILITIES• YOUR RESPONSE AREA(s) AND TYPE OF AIRCRAFT WITHIN

• HAZARDS ASSOCIATED WITH AIRCRAFT• AIRCRAFT MAKE-UP• AIRCRAFT FUEL• MISCELLANEOUS

• YOUR RESPONSE PROCEDURES• DISPATCH LINGO

FACILITIES

aircraft hangar

a building or other structure, inside any part of which, aircraft are housed

FACILITIES

NFPA 409

Standard on Aircraft Hangars

Group I - II - III - IV

Fire Area

1 Hr

. Fire

Rat

ed

Fire Area 1 Fire Area 2

Group I

> 28’

> 40,000 sq. ft.-or-

Group I

-or-

Group II

< 28’

< 40,000 sq. ft.

-and-

-per- Table 4.1.2

Group III

< 28’ -and-

< 30,000 sq. ft.-per- Table 4.1.3

Group IV

Which of these are in your jurisdiction? What do you have the most of?

Critical Rescue and Firefighting Access Area

WHAT’S IN THE CRITICAL AREA...

WHAT’S IN THE CRITICAL AREA...

WHAT’S IN THE CRITICAL AREA...

WHAT’S IN THE CRITICAL AREA...

WHAT’S IN THE CRITICAL AREA...

RESPONSE CONSIDERATIONS

• Types of Aircraft & Their Components

• Aircraft Hazards• Types of Emergencies • Crashes Involving Structures

TYPES OF AIRCRAFT

● Fixed wing

● Rotary

● Military

FIXED WING AIRCRAFT

Fixed-wing Aircraft Components

ROTARY WINGED AIRCRAFT

Rotary-wing Aircraft Components

AIRCRAFT MATERIAL

• Aluminum • Titanium

• Magnesium• Alloy• Wood

Hazards

FUEL

Jet A (JP-8) kerosene based

100 F⁰

Jet B (JP-4) kerosene/gasoline mix

-10 F⁰

AVGAS aviation grade gasoline

-50 F⁰

Danger Areas

Danger Areas

Danger Areas

TYPES OF EMERGENCIES

•Ground Emergency

• In-Flight Emergency

•Crash

GROUND EMERGENCIES: TYPES

(Cont

Aircraft wheels — commonly equipped with fusible plugs incorporated into the rims

Designed to melt, automatically deflating tires

Reduces possibility of wheel collapse and fragmentation

WHEEL ASSEMBLIES

Brakes/wheel assemblies frequently overheat

Methods to determine wheel temperature

Peak wheel temperatures — 30 to 45 minutes after aircraft has come

to a complete stop

HOT BRAKES

Attempt to shut off the fuelAvoid providing an ignition source

Evacuate aircraft if neededKeep nonessential personnel clear

Wear full protective clothing

FUEL LEAKS AND SPILLS: PRECAUTIONS

Contain spilled fuel to a small area Prevent leaking/spilled fuel from

entering certain areasKeep apparatus and equipment

ready Position upwind and uphill

FUEL LEAKS AND SPILLS: PRECAUTIONS

Size of the spillTerrain

Weather conditionsType of flammable liquid

Aircraft occupancyEmergency equipment and

personnel available

FUEL SPILL VARIABLES

Crew may attempt to extinguish an engine or APU fire

Unoccupied aircraft — be familiar with aircraft shutdown

procedures

ENGINE/APU FIRES

IN-FLIGHT EMERGENCIES

LOW-IMPACT CRASHES

- Does not severely damage or break up

the fuselage

- Likely to have a large percentage of

survivors

- First priority — ensure the safety of occupants

and crew

- Crashes with severe damage to the fuselage and with a

significantly reduced likelihood of occupant survival

- Usually high speed, high angle

impacts

- Little or no control of the aircraft

A wheels-up landing on waterWater may be covered with fuelSurvivors and rescue personnel

most likely contaminated

DITCHING

HELICOPTERS

•11–59

(Continued)

CRASHES INVOLVING STRUCTURES &

STRUCTURAL DEPARTMENTS RESPONSE

THE RESPONSE

● What Do We Do?

● GATHER AS MUCH INFORMATION AS POSSIBLE

● MUTUAL AIDE● THINK OUTSIDE THE BOX● PRIORITIES

Responder SafetyVictim Removal

Incident stabilizationProperty conservation

Life safety is always the first and highest priority

PRIORITIES

HOW DO WE COMBAT THIS TYPE OF INCIDENT?

JUST LIKE A STRUCTURE FIRE

MILITARY AIRCRAFT ACTIONS

Scenario

What is one thing you learned that you are going to share with someone else at your department?