arousal levels & adaptive and disruptive emotions

PSYC 1013GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY

AROUSAL LEVELS

REYNELL C. BOBIHISBS CPE 2-5

DEFINITION OF AROUSAL

Arousal is a physiological and psychological state of being awake or reactive to stimuli.

physical organshuman behavior

It is important in regulating consciousness and motivating certain behaviors such as the fight-or-flight response and sexual activity.

FIGHT FLIGHTOR

DEFINITION OF AROUSAL

LEVELS OF AROUSAL

A person’s Level of Arousal can be described as a function of alertness, awareness, level of distraction, stress and direction of attention.

In effect, how ready a person is to perform appropriate tasks in a timely and effective manner.

LEVELS OF AROUSAL

The Yerkes-Dodson Law is an empirical relationship between arousal and performance, originally developed by psychologists Robert M. Yerkes and John Dillingham Dodson in 1908.

Yerkes-Dodson Law

LEVELS OF AROUSAL

Yerkes-Dodson Performance/Arousal Curve

Yerkes-Dodson Law

LEVELS OF AROUSAL

UnderArousal

OptimumArousal

OverArousal

LEVELS OF AROUSAL

Extreme under-arousal is manifest by unconsciousness, possibly caused by tiredness, fatigue, hypoxia, poisoning and other illnesses.

UnderArousal

OptimumArousal

OverArousal

LEVELS OF AROUSAL

Optimum-arousal is appropriate for optimum performance. At this point our attention, situational awareness, and decision-making are all heightened in sensitivity and execution.

UnderArousal

OptimumArousal

OverArousal

LEVELS OF AROUSAL

UnderArousal

OptimumArousal

OverArousal

Extreme over-arousal can be manifest by panic, aggression, irrational behavior and mood swings.

LEVELS OF AROUSAL

Difficult or intellectually demanding tasks may require a lower level of arousal (to facilitate concentration), whereas tasks demanding stamina or persistence may be performed with higher level of arousal (to increase motivation).

LEVELS OF AROUSAL

A 2007 review of the effects of stress hormones (glucocorticoids, GC) revealed that memory performance vs. circulating levels of GC does manifest a curve resembling the Yerkes-Dodson curve. For example, long term potentiation is optimal when GC levels are mildly elevated.

Relationship to Glucocorticoids

LEVELS OF AROUSAL

Eysenck’s theory states that the brains of extroverts are naturally less stimulated, so these types have a predisposition to seek out situations that will stimulate arousal. Therefore introverts are naturally over-stimulated, so they avoid intense arousal.

Hans Eysenck’s Theory of Arousal

ADAPTIVE AND

DISRUPTIVE EMOTIONS

ADAPTIVE EMOTION

Emotional adaptation involves behavioral and cognitive responses to stressful, novel and unexpected situations and events. People who face loss or sudden change will experience an upset in emotions. However, your emotions will return toward normal once they adapt to their new circumstances.

DENIAL ANGER BARGAINING DEPPRESSION ACCEPTANCE

Five Phases of Emotional Adaptation

ADAPTIVE EMOTION

DENIAL ANGER BARGAINING DEPPRESSION ACCEPTANCE

ADAPTIVE EMOTION

• Formulating excuses, narrative and illusions to escape the magnitude of a traumatic event or

change.

Five Phases of Emotional Adaptation

DENIAL ANGER BARGAINING DEPPRESSION ACCEPTANCE

ADAPTIVE EMOTION

• A defense mechanism that seeks to rid you of blame by seeking

someone to blame (characterized by emotional outbursts).

Five Phases of Emotional Adaptation

DENIAL ANGER BARGAINING DEPPRESSION ACCEPTANCE

ADAPTIVE EMOTION

• False expectation and a hope that what has happened can be reversed.

Five Phases of Emotional Adaptation

DENIAL ANGER BARGAINING DEPPRESSION ACCEPTANCE

ADAPTIVE EMOTION

• Sense of helplessness, deep loss and

sadness.

Five Phases of Emotional Adaptation

DENIAL ANGER BARGAINING DEPPRESSION ACCEPTANCE

• Be able to take ownership and responsibility for getting their life

back on track.

ADAPTIVE EMOTION

Five Phases of Emotional Adaptation

DISRUPTIVE EMOTION

Emotional disturbance refers to a number of social-emotional disabilities.

DISRUPTIVE EMOTION

Characteristics and behaviors associated with emotional disturbance may include:

aggressive or anti-social behavior

Characteristics and behaviors associated with emotional disturbance may include:

DISRUPTIVE EMOTION

DISRUPTIVE EMOTION

Characteristics and behaviors associated with emotional disturbance may include:

inattentiveness

DISRUPTIVE EMOTION

Characteristics and behaviors associated with emotional disturbance may include:

distractibility and impulsiveness

Characteristics and behaviors associated with emotional disturbance may include:

attention-seeking

behaviors

DISRUPTIVE EMOTION

DISRUPTIVE EMOTION

Characteristics and behaviors associated with emotional disturbance may include:

and depressed behaviors such as withdrawal, anxiety and

mood swings.

REFERENCES

Lupien SJ, Maheu F, Tu M, Fiocco A, Schramek TE (2007). "The effects of stress and stress hormones on human cognition: Implications for the field of brain and cognition". Brain and Cognition 65: 209–237. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2007.02.007. PMID 17466428.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emotional_and_behavioral_disorders

"Code of Federal Regulation, Title 34, Section 300.8 (c) (4) (ii)".

http://idea.ed.gov/explore/view/p/,root,regs,300,A,300%252E8,c,

http://www.education.com/reference/article/emotional-disturbance/

http://www.do2learn.com/disabilities/CharacteristicsAndStrategies/EmotionalDisturbance_Characteristics.html

REFERENCES

Diamond, David M.; Adam M. Campbell; Collin R. Park; Joshua Halonen; Phillip R. Zoladz (2007-03-28). "The Temporal Dynamics Model of Emotional Memory Processing: A Synthesis on the Neurobiological Basis of Stress-Induced Amnesia, Flashbulb and Traumatic Memories, and the Yerkes-Dodson Law". Neural Plasticity 2007: 60803. doi:10.1155/2007/60803. PMC 1906714.PMID 17641736.

Anderson KJ, Revelle W, Lynch MJ (1989). "Caffeine, impulsivity, and memory scanning: A comparison of two explanations for the Yerkes-Dodson Effect". Motivation and Emotion 13: 1–20.doi:10.1007/bf00995541.

REFERENCES

http://www.chacha.com/question/what-is-the-definition-of-%27emotional-disruption%27

http://www.ehow.com/info_7813200_five-stages-emotional-adaptation.html

http://www.6seconds.org/2008/07/19/adaptive-emotions-anger-and-getting-a-message-across/

https://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20091008194142AAnhTe6

http://www.nj-act.org/greenberg.html Leslie Greenberg’s Master Lecture on Emotion-Focused Therapy By Lynn Mollick