art nouveau ppt

ART NOUVEAU

OUTLINE

• Birth of Art Nouveau

• Introduction: Art Nouveau

-Time & Place

-Hallmarks of Art Nouveau Styles

-Other names for Art Nouveau

-Critical Nicknames

• Art Nouveau Architecture

-Features

-Pierre Francastel

-Stephan Tschudi Madsen

-Art Nouveau Architects and their Works

• Beginning of Art Deco

• References

BIRTH OF ART NOUVEAU

The last third of the 19th century saw the development of a fundamentally approach to architecture and interior

design. All over Europe there was a need for liberating change of direction, a desire to break away from set formulas based on pastiche of historical styles and a search for original ideas, all of which

resulted at the beginning of the 1890s in the birth of Art Nouveau.

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

Art Nouveau (French for "New

Style") was popularized by the

famous Maison de l'Art

Nouveau (House of New Art), a

Paris art gallery operated by

Siegfried Bing.

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

Art Nouveau represents the beginning of modernism in design (Modern Architecture). It occurred at a time when mass-produced consumer goods began to fill the marketplace, and designers, architects, and artists began to understand that the handcrafted work of centuries past could be lost. While reclaiming this craft tradition, art nouveau designers simultaneously rejected traditional styles in favor of new, organic forms that emphasized humanity's connection to nature.

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

TIME & PLACE

Art Nouveau art and architecture flourished in major European cities between 1890 and 1914.

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

It embraced all forms of art and design:

• architecture• furniture

• glassware

• graphic design

• jewelry

• painting• pottery

• metalwork

• textile

This was a sharp contrast to the traditional separation of art intothe distinct categories of fine art (painting and sculpture) and

applied arts (ceramics,furniture, and other practical objects).

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

HALLMARKS OF

ART NOUVEAU STYLE

• flat, decorative patterns;

• intertwined organic forms such as

stems or flowers;

• an emphasis on handcrafting as

opposed to machine

manufacturing;

• the use of new materials;

• and the rejection of earlier styles

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

Other names for Art Nouveau:

As it moved through Europe, Art Nouveau

went through several phases and took on a

variety of names.

• Nieuwe Kunst In Netherland

• Jugendstil in Germany

• Arte Joven, in Spain

• Secession, in Austria

• Stile Liberty, in Italy

INTRODUCTION: ART NOUVEAU

CRITICAL NICKNAMES

From its earliest appearance, the Art

Nouveau was also dubbed with a host of

critical nicknames such as:

• Eel style

• Noodle style

• Mutton bone style

• Dandy style

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

FEATURES

Art Nouveau buildings have many of these

features:

• Asymmetrical shapes

• Extensive use of arches and curved forms

• Curved glass

• Curving, plant-like embellishments

• Mosaics

• Stained glass

• Japanese motifs

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

Pierre

Francasteldivides Art Nouveau

into two main

tendencies that could

broadly termed the

organic and the

rationalist

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

Rationalist:

Mackintosh school Glasglow, Scotland

1897-1909-dependent on the straight line

Organic:

Gaudi houseBarcelona, Spain

1903-gives precedence to the curved line and floral shapes

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

Stephan

Tschudi

Madsen(Art Historian)

proposed a more subtle

classification, but still relies on

an assumed antagonism

between four designs

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

In his book Sources of Art Nouveau, he describes for styles:

2. A floral approach focuding on

organic plant forms

(Galle, Majorelle, Vallin)

1. An abstract, structural style with a strong symbolic and dynamic tendency (France & Belgium)

(Horta, Guimard, Van de Velde)

Aquarium PavillionHenry Van de Velde’s house

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTURE

4. A structured, geometric style

(Austria & Germany)

(Wagner, Olbrich, Hoffmann, Loos)

3. The linear, flat approach, with a heavy symbolic element

(Glasglow group, Mackintosh)

Majolikahaus in Vienna by Otto Wagner

Glasgow School of Artby Charles Rennie Mackintosh

ART NOUVEAU ARCHITECTS

AND THEIR WORKS

Victor Horta(Belgian architect and

designer)(January 6, 1861 - September 8 1947)

Hotel

TasselBrussels, BelgiumConstruction started 1893

Completed 1894

(1st Art Nouveau Building in the World)

Stairway of Tassel House, Brussels

Hôtel van

EetveldeBrussels, Belgium

Construction started 1898

Completed 1900

Hôtel van Eetvelde office : fireplace

Hôtel

SolvayBrussels, Belgium

Construction started 1898

Completed 1900

Horta

Museumformerly known as

Maison & Atelier Horta

Brussels, Belgium

Construction started 1898

Completed 1900

Hector

Guimard(French architect)(Lyon, March 10, 1867 – New York,

May 20, 1942)

Castel

BerangerParis, France

1890 circa

Building Typemulti-familty housing, apartment building

ConstructionSystem

bearing masonry, brick, cast iron

Climate temperate

Context urban

Notes Graceful asymmetrical wrought iron entry gate, precedent to work of contemporary American blacksmith Albert Paley.

Details of

Castel Beranger

Paris

Metro

EntrancesParis, France

1899 to 1905

Building Typelight rail rapid transit stations

ConstructionSystem

iron and glass

Climate temperate

Context urban

Notes Graceful organic forms.

Hotel

GuimardParis, France

1912

Building Type private residence hotel

Construction Systemcut stone bearing masonry

Climate temperate

Context urban

Notes Elegant facade with organic detailing.

Louis

Sullivan(American architect)

(September 3, 1856 – April 14, 1924)

"father of skyscrapers“

"father of modernism“

one of "the recognized trinity of American architecture"

Wainwright

BuildingMissouri, USA

1890 to 1891

Height: 44.81 meters / 147 feet

Stories: 10

Charles

Rennie

Mackintosh(British Architect, Interior Designer)

The

Light

HouseGlasglow, ScotlandCompleted in 1895

Antonio

Gaudi(Architect, Barcelona)

Gaudi was a Spanish (Catalan)

Architect who created complex

buildings in that the architecture

was considered sculptural as well.

His buildings are considered

biomorphic, or organically-shaped.

This is possibly a rejection to the

coldness that a machine-produced

geometric object would create

Casa

MilàBarcelona, Catalonia, Spain

1905-1907

Casa

BattloBarcelona, Spain1905-1907

La

Sagrada

Familia(The Holy Family)

Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

1882-2026

Parque

GüellBarcelona, Spain

1900 to 1914

Parque Güell, or Guell Park is surrounded

by an undulating mosaic wall.

BEGINNING OF ART DECO

• When Art Nouveau fell out of fashion in

the 1920s and 1930s, it was

replaced by the clean, simple

geometries of Art Deco.

• The extravagant curves of Art

Nouveau were seen as old-fashioned

and viewed with contempt.

BEGINNING OF ART DECO

• Many Art Nouveau products were put

away, spurned, or destroyed.

• Rooms once decorated in what had

been the height of fashion were

redecorated to conform to the

latest taste.

BEGINNING OF ART DECO

• It was not until nearly half a century later,

in 1952, the first comprehensive exhibition devoted to Art Nouveau was

organized in Zurich, Switzerland.

• Present day interest in Art Nouveau, and in particular its widespread appreciation within the last thirty years, has once again

firmly established it as an important art movement.

REFERENCES

• http://www.docstoc.com/docs/79051493/Art-Nouveau-%28PowerPoint%29• http://www.greatbuildings.com/architects/Hector_Guimard.html• http://architecture.about.com/od/artnouveau/g/artnouveau.htm• http://www.mr-oscar-wilde.de/lifetime/art_nouveau.htm#Sullivan• http://architecture.about.com/od/greatbuildings/ig/Antoni-Gaud-/Guell-Park.htm• KEIICHI TAHARA

Art Nouveau ArchitecturePhilippine ThiebautBruno Girveau

©2000 Thames and Hudson Ltd, London• ALASTAIR DUNCAN

Art Nouveau (170 illustrations, 32 in colour)

©1994 Thames and Hudson Ltd, London

• Art Nouveau (Spirit of the Belle Epoque)

by Susan A. Sternau© 1996 Todri Production Limited• The Sources of Modern Architecture and Design

by Nikolaus Pevsner©1968 Thames and Hudson Ltd, London