articles, ethical standard, and manuscript

Articles, Ethical Standart, and Manuscript

Carrine Kezia Aulia :: 102183022

OUTLINE

• Introduction

• Type of Articles

• Ethical and Legal Standards

• Manuscript Structure and Content

INTRODUCTION

CHARACTERISTIC

• Represent research not previously published

• Reviewed by peers

• Archival / retrievable for future reference

JOURNAL ARTICLES

TYPE OF ARTICLES

TYPES OF ARTICLES

• Empirical Studies

• Literature Reviews

• Theoretical Articles

• Methodological Articles

• Case Studies

EMPIRICAL STUDIESresearch article

EMPIRICAL STUDIESresearch article

• Original research

Analysis that test hypotheses by presenting analysis of data not considered or addressed in previous reports.

Our study dealt with

… My research Is focused on

…

EMPIRICAL STUDIES

The stages in research process :

1. introduction : development, historical antecedents, purpose

2.method : procedures used to conduct investigation

3. result : findings and analyses

4.discussion : summary, interpretation, implication

EMPIRICAL STUDIES

EMPIRICAL STUDIES

LITERATURE REVIEW

LITERATURE REVIEW

• Critical evaluation -> has been published

These researchers found this … These

researchers found that..

LITERATURE REVIEW

The stages in literature review:

1.define the problem

2.summarize previous investigation

3. identify relations, contradiction, gaps, inconsistencies

4.suggest next step

WHAT IS META ANALYSES

Quantitative approach for

systematically combining results of

previous research to

arrive at conclusions about the body of research

Quantitative = Number

systematically = Methodical

combining = Putting together

previous research = What’s already done

conclusions = New knowledge

WHAT DOES IT MEANS?

WHAT DOES IT MEANS?• The popularity of Meta Analyses

publications

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500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

93-94 94-95 95-96 96-97 97-98 98-99 99-00 2000-1 2001-2 2002-3 2003-4

Year of Publications

Nu

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er

of

Pu

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ati

on

s

WHY USE META-ANALYSIS?• Guide to answer a question

• Provide a systematic overview of quantitative research

• Combine all the research on one topic into large study with many participants

• Analyzing the result from a group of studies can allow for more accurate data analysis

THEORETICAL ARTICLES

THEORETICAL ARTICLES• Use existing research to advance theory

• Article that discussed theory

• Similar with Literature Review

• Present empirical information only when it advance a theoretical issue

THEORETICAL ARTICLES• PROCESS :

– Trace the existing theory– Expand and refine – Examine consistency and validity

• RESULT :– A new theory– Analyzed the advantage of theory

METHODOLOGICAL ARTICLES

METHODOLOGICAL ARTICLES

• Focus on methodological or data analytic approaches

• Result : new methodological approaches, modifications of existing methods, or discussion of quantitative data analysis approaches

CASE STUDIES

CASE STUDIES• Reports of case material

• Illustrate the problem

• Purpose : solved problem or present the need for research, clinical applications or theoretical matters.

ETHICAL AND LEGALSTANDARDS IN PUBLISHING

THE GOALS

• Ensure the accuracy

• Protect the rights and welfare

• Protect intellectual property rights

ENSURING THE ACCURACYOF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE

ethical reporting, data sharing, duplicate & plagiarism

ETHICAL REPORTING

Modifying Result

ETHICAL REPORTING

inform the editor

correction notice

error!

DATA RETENTION AND SHARING

EDITORduring the review

QUALIFIEDPROFESSIONALSfor verification after published

raw data (instruction, software, details

of procedures, etc)

5years

DATA RETENTION AND SHARING

anotherRESEARCHER

WRITTEN AGREEMENT

• limit in used• limit on distribution• limit on dissemination

DUPLICATE AND PIECEMEAL

DUPLICATEpublication

PIECEMEALpublication

DUPLICATE PUBLICATION

PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED RESEARCH

DUPLICATE PUBLICATION

ACKNOWLEDGING

AND CITINGPREVIOUS WORK • relatively small to total length

• clearly acknowledge (text, tables, figure)

• original publication venue

DUPLICATE PUBLICATION

PIECEMEAL PUBLICATION

PIECEMEAL PUBLICATION

DVDV

DVDV

DVDV

IVIV

IVIV

PIECEMEAL PUBLICATION

PLAGIARISM and SELF-PLAGIARISM

LOREM IPSUM

PLAGIARISM and SELF-PLAGIARISM

as I have previously

discussed ..

when author do not present the own previously published work

MANUSCRIPT ELEMENTS

1. TITLE

Effect of Transformed Letters on Reading Speed

Avoid words METHOD and RESULT, except research synthesis or meta analysis

2Summarize the main idea

(should be fully explanatory

when standing alone)1

Abbreviations3 4 Uppercase and Lowercase 5 No more than 12 words

2. AUTHOR’S NAME AND AFFILIATION

123

4

5

M. S. Haggerty S. Haggerty

2. AUTHOR’S NAME AND AFFILIATION

3. AUTHOR’S NOTE

4. ABSTRACT

• How to write abstract

5. INTRODUCTION1. Why is this problem important?

2. How does the study relate to previous work in the area? If other aspect of this study have been reported previously, how does this report differ from, and build on, the earlier report?

3. What are the primary and secondary hypotheses and objectives of the study, and what, if any, are the links to the theory?

4. How do the hypotheses and research design relate to one another?

5. What are the theoretical and practical implications of the study?

6. METHOD

1. Subjectdemographic (age, sex, ethnic, level of education, socioeconomic, etc)

6. METHOD

2. Sampling Method

6. METHOD3. Sampling Size -> slovin sampling formula

4. Measures -> questionnaires, interview, observations

Method to enhance quality -> factor analysis, reliability, cronbach’s alpha

5. Research Design -> provide a detailed summary of the procedures you will use and what the participants will do on study, and experimental manipulation (if any)

7. RESULT1. Demographic characteristic

7. RESULT2. Data processing result

7. RESULT3. Hypothesis result

8. DISCUSSION

motivation