artificial intelligence - lec 1 by harsh pandya
Post on 08-Aug-2015
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• What is Intelligence?• What is Artificial
Intelligence?• History of AI
Who is Intelligent? And why?
Artificial Intelligence
Designing machines that: Think like
human Act like human Think Rationally Act Rationally
Being rational means maximally achieving your pre-defined goals
Why not mimic human brain?
“Brains are to Intelligence as wings are to flight”
Brains are good at rational thinking but not perfect
Footprints of AI
Dates back to 8th century BC, greek mythology. Hephaestus created Talos to guard crete.
Footprints of AI Aristotle 4th century BC, developed an
informal logic system Descartes, 17th century AD proposed animal
bodies are complex machines Blaise Pascal, 1642, first mechanical digital
calculator 19th century, George Boole developed binary
algebra better known as boolean algebra Charles Babbage worked on programmable
calculators
Footprints of AI 1943, McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of
brain 1950, Alan Turing published “Computing Machinery
and Intelligence” introduced concept of learning in machines by letting them alter their program
1950s, Samuel's checkers program, Newell & Simon's Logic Theorist, Gelernter's Geometry Engine
1956: Dartmouth meeting: the term “Artificial Intelligence” adopted
1965: Robinson's complete algorithm for logical reasoning
Footprints of AI 1980-88: Expert systems industry
booms 1988-93: Expert systems industry busts:
“AI Winter” 1990s: Resurgence of probability, focus
on uncertainty Neural Networks became more popular,
Agents and learning systems bloomed 1997, Deep Blue beats Gary Kasparov
Natural Language processing Automatics Speech recognition
iPhone Siri / OK Google! Text to Speech converter (TTS) Machine Translation (Language
Transaltor) e.g. Google Translator
Spam Filtering Web search (Google!)
Computer Vision Object and Face recognition Motion tracking Mapping unknown environment Extended vision – UV, IR, X-ray
Robotics Autonomous vehicles Humanoids
Petman, iCUB, THOR Prosthetics Sports/Athletics Personal robots Cyborg
Game Playing Simple games
Tic Tac Toe, Pacman Kasparov vs Deep blue Modern Computer & Console
games IBM Watson winning Jeopardy
Decision making systems Scheduling,
e.g. airline routing, military Route planning, e.g. Google maps Medical diagnosis Web search engines Credit card fraud detection Product recommendations / Pop up
ads
What AI can and cannot Play sports like soccer/Table tennis? Play a decent game of Jeopardy? Drive safely along a curving mountain road? Buy a week's worth of groceries on the web? Discover and prove a new mathematical theorem? Converse successfully with another person for an hour? Perform a surgical operation? Put away the dishes and fold the laundry? Translate spoken Chinese into spoken English in real
time? Write an intentionally funny story? Understand human emotions and imitate them?
What AI can and cannot Detect cancer? Plan a journey to Andromeda
galaxy? Surf the internet? Create aesthetic music? Write a creative poetry?
Time-warp What is Intelligence? Artificial Intelligence & its
classification Turing test History of AI Subdomains of AI What AI can and cannot
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