asgnmnt1
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7/29/2019 ASGNMNT1
1/11
ASSIGNMENT #1
Q1. Why operating system is called as reactive system?
ANS- Operating system always responses back to the user for every action heperformed.So, an operating system is also called as reactive system.
Q2.List and compare number of operating systems available.
Name Creator
Latest
stable
version
Cost,
availability
Preferredlice
nse[g 1]
Target system
type
AIX IBM 7.1Bundled with
hardwareProprietary
Server,NAS,workst
ation
Android Android,
Inc.,Google
Android 4.1
Jelly BeanFree
Apache2.0,
GNUGPLv2
Consumer,
enterprise,
military,education
AmigaOSclas
sic
Commodore
International,Ha
age &
Partner,Hyperi
on
Entertainment
3.9
Bundled with
hardware up to
version 3.0
(Amiga
International
Hardware came
with 3.1);
versions 2.1,
3.0, 3.1, 3.5,
3.9 also
available asseparate
packages
Proprietary, open
source clone
available
underAROSPubli
c License
Workstation,person
al computer
AmigaOS 4 Hyperion
Entertainment4.1 update 4
4.0 bundled
with hardware;
4.0 for classic
and 4.1
available as
standalone
ProprietaryWorkstation,
personal computer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIX_operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIX_operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network-attached_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network-attached_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android,_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android,_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android,_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPLv2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPLv2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPLv2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haage_%26_Partnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haage_%26_Partnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haage_%26_Partnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haage_%26_Partnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haage_%26_Partnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperion_Entertainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperion_Entertainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperion_Entertainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperion_Entertainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperion_Entertainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_versions#AmigaOS_3.5.2C_3.9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_versions#AmigaOS_3.5.2C_3.9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AROShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AROShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AROShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AROShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOS_versions#AmigaOS_3.5.2C_3.9http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperion_Entertainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperion_Entertainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperion_Entertainmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haage_%26_Partnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haage_%26_Partnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haage_%26_Partnerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commodore_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AmigaOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPLv2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Googlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android,_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android,_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workstationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network-attached_storagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Server_(computing)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBMhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIX_operating_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_license -
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Name Creator
Latest
stable
version
Cost,
availability
Preferredlice
nse[g 1]
Target system
type
package at 99
eComStation
Serenity
Systems,
Mensys BV
2.1
Home-student
edition (max. 5
per site)
$149.00
business
edition $259.00
ProprietaryServer, workstation,
personal computer
EPOC32 Psion PLC ER5 Commercial Proprietary PDA
FreeBSDThe FreeBSD
Project9 Free BSD
Server, workstation,
NAS,embedded
DragonFly
BSDMatthew Dillon 2.10 Free BSD
Server, workstation,
NAS, embedded
Haiku Haiku Inc. R1/Alpha3 Free MIT Personal computer
HP-UXHewlett-
Packard
11.31 "11i
v3"$400 Proprietary Server, workstation
IBM i IBM 7.1Bundled with
hardwareProprietary Server
Inferno Bell Labs Fourth
EditionFree
MIT,GNU
GPL,GNU
LGPL,LPL
NAS, server,
embedded
iOS Apple Inc. 5.1.1Bundled with
hardware
Proprietaryhigher
level API layers;
open source coresystem (ARM
Smartphone,music
player,tablet
computer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EComStationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EComStationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psion_PLChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psion_PLChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD_licenseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD_licenseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DragonFly_BSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DragonFly_BSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DragonFly_BSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Dillon_(computer_scientist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Dillon_(computer_scientist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiku_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiku_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-UXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-UXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett-Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett-Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett-Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferno_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferno_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucent_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucent_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucent_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_media_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_media_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_media_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_media_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet_computerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_media_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_media_playerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphonehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucent_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Lesser_General_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_General_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferno_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_ihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett-Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett-Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP-UXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haiku_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Dillon_(computer_scientist)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DragonFly_BSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DragonFly_BSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embedded_systemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD_licenseshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreeBSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psion_PLChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EComStationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_license -
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Name Creator
Latest
stable
version
Cost,
availability
Preferredlice
nse[g 1]
Target system
type
versions):APSL,
GNU GPL, others
IRIX SGI 6.5.30Bundled with
hardwareProprietary Server, workstation
GNU/Linux
Richard
Stallman,LinusTorvalds, et al.
Linux
kernel3.4;G
NU C
Library2.13
Free
GNU GPL, GNU
LGPL, others
See:Comparison of
Linux distributions
Mac OS Apple Inc. 9.2.2
Bundled
with68Kand
PowerPC
Macs;
versions 7-9
sold as retail
upgrades[g 6]
ProprietaryWorkstation,
personal computer
OS X Apple Inc. 10.8
Bundled with
hardware;
upgrades sold
separately:
Desktop $169
(one-user Mac
box set), $29
(one-user MacOS X v10.6
upgrade)
Family Pack
$229 (5-user
Mac box set),
$49 (5-user
Mac OS X
v10.6 upgrade)
Proprietaryhigher
level API layers;
open source coresystem (Intel-
PowerPC
versions):APSL,
GNU GPL, others
Workstation,personal computer,
embedded
OS X Server Apple Inc. 10.7
Bundled with
hardware; and
sold separately:
Proprietaryhigher
level API layers;
open source core
Server
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Public_Source_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Public_Source_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Public_Source_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvaldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvaldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvaldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvaldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_C_Libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_C_Libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_C_Libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_C_Libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_C_Libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Linux_distributionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Linux_distributionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Linux_distributionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Linux_distributionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/68Khttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/68Khttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/68Khttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-freeMac-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-freeMac-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-freeMac-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Public_Source_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Public_Source_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Public_Source_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_X_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_X_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_X_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Public_Source_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-freeMac-5http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/68Khttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_OShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Linux_distributionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Linux_distributionshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_C_Libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_C_Libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_C_Libraryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linux_kernelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvaldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvaldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Stallmanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linuxhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_Graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IRIXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Public_Source_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_license -
7/29/2019 ASGNMNT1
4/11
Name Creator
Latest
stable
version
Cost,
availability
Preferredlice
nse[g 1]
Target system
type
$499 (unlimited
clients)
system (Intel-
PowerPC
versions): APSL,
GNU GPL, others
MINIX 3Andrew S.
Tanenbaum 3.1.8 Free BSD Workstation
NetBSDThe NetBSD
Project5.1.2 Free BSD
NAS, server,
workstation,
embedded
NetWare Novell 6.5 SP8$184 (one-
user)Proprietary Server
NeXTStep NeXT 3.3
Bundled with
hardware, then
sold separately
Proprietary Workstation
OpenBSDThe OpenBSD
Project5.1 Free ISC
Server, NAS,
workstation,
embedded
OpenIndiana
Many, based on
software
developed
bySun
Microsystemsa
nd many others
FreeCDDLmostly, and
othersServer, workstation
OpenVMS DEC(nowHP) 8.4
Commercial,
free non-
commercial use
Proprietary Server, workstation
OS/2IBM
andMicrosoft
4.52 $300 ProprietaryPersonal computer,
server
PC-BSD PC-BSD
Software9 Free BSD
Personal computer,
workstation, server
Plan 9 Bell Labs Fourth
EditionFree LPL
Workstation, server,
embedded,HPC
QNXQNX Software
Systems6.5.0
Commercial; a
free testing
version exists
that needs
authorization
code before
ProprietaryWorkstation, server,
embedded
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MINIX_3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_S._Tanenbaumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_S._Tanenbaumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_S._Tanenbaumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novell_NetWarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novell_NetWarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXTStephttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXTStephttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISC_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISC_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenIndianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenIndianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVMShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett_Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett_Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett_Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC-BSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC-BSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-performance_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-performance_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-performance_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QNXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QNXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QNXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-performance_computinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plan_9_from_Bell_Labshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PC-BSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett_Packardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenVMShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDDLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenIndianahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISC_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenBSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXThttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NeXTStephttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novellhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novell_NetWarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetBSDhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_S._Tanenbaumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_S._Tanenbaumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MINIX_3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_license -
7/29/2019 ASGNMNT1
5/11
Name Creator
Latest
stable
version
Cost,
availability
Preferredlice
nse[g 1]
Target system
type
installing
Solaris Sun 11 11/11
Commercial; a
free 90 days
evaluation
version exists
CDDL Server, workstation
SymbianOS Symbian Ltd. 9.5 Commercial Proprietary Phones
Symbian
platform
Symbian
Foundation 3.0.4 Free EPL embedded
Windows
Server(NT
family)
Microsoft
Windows
Server 2008
R2(NT
6.1.7600)
$469 WebServer; other
editions
dependent on
number
ofCALspurcha
sed
ProprietaryServer, NAS,
embedded, HPC
Microsoft
Windows(NT
family)
Microsoft
Windows
7(NT
6.1.7600)
Home Basic
retail $99.95,
Home Premium
retail $119.95,Business retail
$299.95,
Ultimate retail
$300.95[1]
Proprietary
Workstation,
personal
computer,media
center,Tablet PC,
embedded
Microsoft
Windows
(classic
family)
Microsoft
Windows
Me(Win
4.90.3000)
Outdated, no
longer soldProprietary
Personal computer,
media center
RISC iX
Acorn
Computers 1.21c
Bundled with
hardware Proprietary Workstation
RISC OS Acorn
Computers3.71
Bundled with
hardwareProprietary
Education, personal
computer
RISC OSRISCOS
Ltd,Pace plc4.39
Bundled with
hardware, then
sold separately
at $127 (70)
ProprietaryEducation, personal
computer
RISC OS
Castle
Technology,RISC OS Open 5.17
Free for non-
commercial use
(recentreleases);
Shared Source
Education, personal
computer
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Development_and_Distribution_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Development_and_Distribution_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_Ltd.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_Ltd.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_Foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_Foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_Foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipse_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipse_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_Access_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_Access_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_Access_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_theater_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_theater_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_theater_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Tablet_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Tablet_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Tablet_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_iXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_iXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn_Computershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn_Computershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn_Computershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_OShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_OShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISCOS_Ltdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISCOS_Ltdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISCOS_Ltdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pace_plchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pace_plchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pace_plchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_OS_Openhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_OS_Openhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_OS_Openhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_OS_Openhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_OS_Openhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_OS_Openhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_OS_Openhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_OS_Openhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_OS_Openhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_Technologyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pace_plchttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISCOS_Ltdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISCOS_Ltdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_OShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn_Computershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn_Computershttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RISC_iXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Mehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Tablet_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_theater_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_theater_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-8http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_7http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Windowshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Client_Access_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Server_2008_R2http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsofthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_Serverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipse_Public_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_Foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_Foundationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbian_Ltd.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbianhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Development_and_Distribution_Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Microsystemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solaris_(operating_system)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_license 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Name Creator
Latest
stable
version
Cost,
availability
Preferredlice
nse[g 1]
Target system
type
formerly
bundled with
hardware
RISC OS RISCOS Ltd 6.20
Bundled with
hardware, then
sold separately
at $127 (70)
ProprietaryEducation, personal
computer
ZETA yellowTAB 1.5 Discontinued Proprietary
Personal computer,
media center,
workstation
STOP 6, XTS-
400BAE Systems 6.4.U1
Unknown;
supplied to
customers on-
demand by
BAE Systems
Proprietary Server, workstation
ReactOS
ReactOS
development
team
0.3.14 FreeGNU GPL, GNU
LGPL
Workstation,
personal computer
VxWorks Wind RiverSystems
6.9 Paid Proprietary Embedded Real-time systems
z/OS IBM 1.12
Monthly license
fee, about $130
and up
Proprietary IBM mainframe
z/VSE IBM 4.3Monthly license
feeProprietary IBM mainframe
Q3. Explain reason for process creation and process termination.Reason for process creation:-
A process is created in response to the submission of a job. A new process is created when
a new user attempts to log on in an interactive environment. In all the cases the operating
system is responsible for the creation of the process. An operating system can also create a
process on behalf of an application.
Process creation is only the first management action performed by the OS on the process.
Since the process will use the resources made available by the OS, further OS activity will
typically be needed to manage those resources on behalf of the process. This involves the
release of the CPU control from the process to the OS.1) The creation of a process image in a certain address space, which typically involves the
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnussoft_ZETAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YellowTABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YellowTABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XTS-400http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XTS-400http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XTS-400http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReactOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReactOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VxWorkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VxWorkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_River_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_River_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_River_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z/OShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_mainframehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z/VSEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z/VSEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z/VSEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_mainframehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z/OShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_River_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_River_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VxWorkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ReactOShttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BAE_Systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XTS-400http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XTS-400http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YellowTABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnussoft_ZETAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_softwarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_operating_systems#cite_note-license-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_license -
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loading of the executable code for the task from some mass storage medium;
2) The creation and initialization of a PCB for the process, and its insertion in one of the
process control queues (typically the ``ready'' one).
Reason for process termination:-
Normal completion,Time limit exceeded,Memory unavailable,Bounds violation,Protection error,Arithmetic error,Time overrun,I/O failure,Invalid instruction,Privileged instruction,Data misuse,
Operator or OS intervention,Parent termination.
Q. Explain seven state process.Seven state process:-
Apart from the transitions we have seen in five states model, following are the newtransitions which occur in the above seven state model.
Blocked to Blocked / Suspend: If there are now ready processes in the main memory,at least one blocked process is swapped out to make room for another process that isnot blocked.
Blocked / Suspend to Blocked: If a process is terminated making space in the mainmemory, and if there is any high priority process which is blocked but suspended,
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anticipating that it will become free very soon, the process is brought in to the mainmemory.
Blocked / Suspend to Ready / Suspend:A process is moved from Blocked / Suspendto Ready / Suspend, if the event occurs on which the process was waiting, as there is nospace in the main memory.
Ready / Suspend to Ready: If there are no ready processes in the main memory,operating system has to bring one in main memory to continue the execution.Sometimes this transition takes place even there are ready processes in main memorybut having lower priority than one of the processes in Ready / Suspend state. So thehigh priority process is brought in the main memory.
Ready to Ready / Suspend: Normally the blocked processes are suspended by theoperating system but sometimes to make large block free, a ready process may besuspended. In this case normally the low priority processes are suspended.
New to Ready / Suspend: When a new process is created, it should be added to theReady state. But sometimes sufficient memory may not be available to allocate to thenewly created process. In this case, the new process is sifted to Ready / Suspend.
Q4. Difference between Program and Process
- A program is a set of instructions that are to perform a designated task, where as theprocess is an operation which takes the given instructions and perform the manipulations as
per the code, called execution of instructions. A process is entirely dependent of aprogram.
- A process is a module that executes modules concurrently. They are separate loadablemodules. Where as the program perform the tasks directly relating to an operation of a userlike word processing, executing presentation software etc.
Program
Simply a passive entity stores the set of instructions to be executed in the file.
Process
An Active Entity which executes the set of instructions (i.e. program),and has many things
associated with that program to execute like Program counter,regtister etc.
a process is a progam under execution
a program is a series of instructions to perform a particulat task
Process is a part of a program. Process is the part where logic of that particular program exsists.
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Program is given as a set of process. In some cases we may divide a problem into
number of parts. At these times we write a seperate logic for each part known as process. process:part of program is process
program:program is set of process
Program is nothing but the set of all the instruction which requires to carry out some specific
job.Before come into execution they must be convert in binary codes which should be
understood by loader os OS.Generally in Windows it like EXE file which is stored in Portable
Executable (PE) Format on Secondary Memory Like hard disk.
A process is usually defined as an instance of a running Program and consists of two
components:.
1) A kernel object that the operating system uses to manage the process. The kernel object
is also where the system keeps statistical information about the prdlllocess.
2) An address space that contains all the executable or DLL module's code and data. It alsocontains dynamic memory allocations such as thread stacks and heap allocations.
Processes are inert. For a process to accomplish anything, it must have a thread that runs in
its context; this thread is responsible for executing the code contained in the process's
address space. In fact, a single process might contain several threads, all of them executing
code "simultaneously" in the process's address space. To do this, each thread has its own
set of CPU registers and its own stack. Each process has at least one thread that executes
code in the process's address space. If there were no threads executing code in the
process's address space, there would be no reason for the process to continue to exist, and
the system would automatically destroy the process and its address space.
Processis active state of program and it is status of given task mentioned inprogram, it gives the info to main memory about its state nd other details like whatpart it has executed up-to that instance. It keeps track of thestatus of registers andinstances of the resources it hold and required resources, wa cost it incures on thecpu after it is donewith its work.
Programis total information about what has to be done with CPU and otherresources for which it is liable to complete the given task. In some cases it is collection of different Thick weight process and Lite weight process( threads) as wemay require to run various modules of different programs in some single program. Soprocess is like platform onCPUfor running different tasks of given program and part of themain set of process.
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For example while logging into yahoo messenger most of the times we get two instances ofmessenger executablefile instances on applications tab in task manager.
Q5. Explain PCB(Process Control Block).
Ans. A process in an operating system is represented by a data structure known as aprocess control block (PCB) or process descriptor. The PCB contains important informationabout the specific process including
The current state of the process i.e., whether it is ready, running, waiting, orwhatever.
Unique identification of the process in order to track "which is which" information. A pointer to parent process. Similarly, a pointer to child process (if it exists).
The priority of process (a part of CPU scheduling information). Pointers to locate memory of processes. A register save area. The processor it is running on.
The PCB is a certain store that allows the operating systems to locate key information abouta process. Thus, the PCB is the data structure that defines a process to the operatingsystems.
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