asia waterloss 2010 firdaus ali
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REGULATION INSTRUMENT IN THE EFFORT TO REDUCE NRW AND
IMPROVEMENT OF WATER SERVICE PERFORMANCE IN THE JAKARTA METROPOLITAN AREA
FIRDAUS ALI, PhD.JAKARTA WATER SUPPLY REGULATORY BODY
AND UNIVERSITY OF INDONESIA
2ND WATERLOSS ASIA CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION 2010: OCTOBER 13-15, 2010 – KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA
ROYALE CHULAN HOTEL,KUALA LUMPUR, MALAYSIA, OCTOBER 15, 2010
JAKARTA METROPOLITAN AT A GLANCE
JAKARTA WATER SUPPLY SERVICES CONDITION
CHALENGES AND OPPORTUNITY
NRW REDUCTION AND STRATEGY
NEW POLICY APPROACH FOR NRW REDUCTION
JATILUHUR WATER SUPPLY PROJECT
REMARKS
OUTLINE
INDONESIA: Geographical: 16,346 Islands & 33 Provinces Population + 238 millions (2010) Population Annual Growth: 1,36% GNI per capita : USD 1,250 Largest archipelago country (2/3 of country
area is seas)
JAKARTA METROPOLITAN AT GLANCE
Jakarta
JAKARTA: Geographical Status : Capital City of Indonesia Population : + 12,5 millions (1.04%) Total Area : 662 km2 Consist of 5 Cities & 1 Regency
MAP OF JAKARTA
MAP OF INDONESIA
MAIN ISSUES IN WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN JAKARTA METROPOLITAN CITY
1.CLIMATE CHANGE
2. PEAK TIDAL CYCLE
SEA WATER INTRUSION
FLOOD THREAT AND TIDAL SEA WATER1.INCREASING FLOOD PRONE
AREAS.2.DECREASING ELEVATION OF
COASTAL RIVER EMBANKMENT IN COASTAL AREA.
3.DECREASING ELEVATION OF DRAINAGE SYSTEM (MACRO & MICRO) CAUSING LOW URBAN DRAINAGE CAPACITY
LAND SUBSIDENCE
GROUNDWATERWATER SUPPLY WASTEWATER
1. HIGH GROUND WATER ABSTRACTION DUE TO LOW COVERAGE.
2. LOW RECHARGE CAPACITY.3. POLLUTED SHALLOW
GROUND WATER BY WASTEWATER.
4. VERY LOW GROUND WATER CHARGE/TARIFF.
1. LOW SERVICE COVERAGE RATIO
2. VERY HIGH WATER LOSSES (48,9%).
3. RAW WATER BECOMING CRITICAL
4. AVERAGE TARIFF INCREASING (RP. 7,225/M3).
5. WATER QUALITY NOT DRINKABLE.
1. VERY LOW SERVICE COVERAGE (2,8%).
2. LACK OF WASTEWATER FACILITIES.
3. INCREASINGLY HIGH POLLUTION OF SURFACE WATER AND GROUND WATER BODIES.
1. DEPLETION OF QUANTITY AND QUALITY OF RAW WATER
RAW WATER
ECOLOGICAL ISSUES IN THE COASTAL AREA WATER SUPPLY CRISIS
LAND SUBSIDENCE RATE IN SEVERAL REGION IN JAKARTA BEETWEN 1993 - 2005
Source: Office of Jakarta Mining and Energy, 2007
WATER STRESS AREA MAPFOR NORTH JAKARTA MUNICIPALITY
PENJARINGAN
0,41
JAKARTA WATER SUPPLY SERVICE CONDITION:SOURCE OF RAW WATER AND WATER TREATMENT PLANT CAPACITY
No. OPERATOR & WTPsPRODUCTION
CAPACITY (L/Second)
SOURCE OF RAW WATER NOTE
1 AETRA: FOR EASTERN REGION OF JAKARTA
1.1 • BUARAN 1 WTP 2.000 JATILUHUR DAM99% DEPEND ON SUPPLY FROM JATILUHUR MULTI
PURPOSES DAM1.2 • BUARAN II WTP 3.000 JATILUHUR DAM
1.3 • P. GADUNG WTP 4.000 JATILUHUR DAM
2 PALYJA: FOR WESTERN REGION OF JAKARTA
2.1 • PEJOMPONGAN I WTP 2.000 JATILUHUR DAM64% DEPEND ON SUPPLY FROM JATILUHUR MULTI
PURPOSES DAM (THROUGH WEST TARUM
CANAL)
2.2 • PEJOMPONGAN II WTP 3.600 JATILUHUR DAM
2.3 • CILANDAK MINI WTP 400 KRUKUT RIVER
2.4 • BULK WATER SUPPLY 2.800 CISADANE R.
TOTAL DISTRIBUTION CAPACITY 17.800
Sources: JWSRB Analysis, 2008
JAKARTA WATER BALANCE & WATER DEMAND 2010-2025
No Design Parameter Unit
YearNote201
0 2015 2020 2025
1 Total Population (1.000) capita 11.437
12.333 13.272 14.258Incude commuters
2 Service Coverage Target % 70 80*) 85 100 *) City MDG Target by 2015
3Suggested Groundwater Extraction Level
% 30 20 15 0Jakarta GW reduction strategy in order to control sea water intrusion and land subsidence.
4 Total Pop. Supplied (1.000)
capita 8.006 9.866 11.945 14.258
5Domestic Consumption Rate
l/c/d 160 175 200 200
6 Domestic Water Demand l/s14.82
619.983 27.650 33.005
7Non-Domestic Water Demand
l/s 4.892 6.594 9.125 10.89230% of Domestic Water Demand
8 Non Revenue Water (NRW)
% 40 35 30 25
9 Total Water Demand l/s 27.605
35.879 47.808 54.871
10 Total Raw Water Demand l/s 28.985
37.673 50.199 57.614
11Total Production Capacity l/s
15.000
21.828 21.828 21.828After upgrading all WTPs facilities
12 Bulk Water Treated from TKR
l/s 2.800 2.800 0 0 Supply treated bulk water from TKR will be decreased over time
13 WATER DEFISIT l/s11.185
13.045 28.370 35.786
Sources: JWSRB Analysis, 2009
DRIVING FORCE OF THE COOPERATION AGREEMENT BETWEEN PAM JAYA* AND
PRIVATE OPERATORS**
• GROUNDWATER OVER ABSTRACTION (59%)
• LOW SERVICE COVERAGE (41%)
• HIGH NRW/UFW (57%)
• LOW VOLUME SOLD (176 MILLION M3)
1998 CONDITION
• NEED FOR CAPITAL INVESTMENT
• NEED FOR MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT
• NEED FOR TECHNOLOGY IMPROVEMENT
PRIVATE SECTOR PARTICIPATION
• REDUCING GROUNDWATER ABSTRACTION
• INCREASING SERVICE COVERAGE RATION (70%)
• DECREASING NRW/UFEW (BELOW 35%)
• INCREASING VOLUME SOLD (397 MILLION M3)
2008 EXPECTATION
25 YEARS OF CONCESSION CONTRACT WITH
RELATIVELY VERY HIGH IRR (22 %)
* LOCAL JAKARTA GOVERNMENT OWNED WATER SUPPLY COMPANY** PALYJA AND AETRA (PREVIOUSLY WAS THAMES PAM JAYA/TPJ)
JAKARTA WATER SUPPLY SERVICE CONDITION
No. PARAMETERS UNIT
1998 2009 2010 *)
TPJ PALYJA JKT AETRA PALYJA JKT AETRA PALYJA JKT
1 TOTAL POPULATION (1,000)
Cap 4,312 5,118 9,430 4,449 4,461 8,910 4,490 4,480 8,970
2 SERVICE COVERAGE % 60.98 33.28 45.89 59.67 63.93 61.80 59.65 64.09 61.80
4 HOUSE CONNECTION
Unit 278,083 209,895 487,978 382,693 412,595 795,288 383,455 414,930 798,385
5 RAW WATER DEMAND L/sec 8,129 5,349 13,478 9,530 6,430 15,960 8,780 6,080 14,860
6WATER PRODUCTION
L/sec 7,799 4,771 12,570 8,300 5,110 13,410 4,230 2,690 6,920
7 VOLUME SOLD L/sec 2,916 2,827 5,744 4,060 4,370 8,430 2,100 2,310 4,410
8UNACCOUNTED FOR WATER (UFW)
% 61.3 58.63 61.17 51.07 44.34 48.40 50.45 43.14 46.80
Soucres: PSES Operators Report & JWRSB Analysis, 2010*) Up until September 2010
JAKARTA WATER SUPPLY SERVICES DESEMBER 2009 CONDITION
WATER PRODUCTION
VOLUME SOLD
HOUSE CONNECTION
SERVICE COVERAGE
UFW/NRW
• 247.8 Million M3
• 264.1 Million M3
• 76.4 % • 61.63 % • 35.25 %• 46.19 %
• 147.8 Million M3
• 135.5 Million M3
• 380,987 HC• 397,428 HC
WATER PRODUCTION
VOLUME SOLD
HOUSE CONNECTION
SERVICE COVERAGE
UFW/NRW
• 247.6 Million M3
• 261.8 Million M3
• 75.5 % • 59.67 %
• 38.6 %• 51.07 %
• 153.5 Million M3
• 128.1 Million M3
• 403,038 HC• 382.693 HC
1,2 Juta Samb 1,52 Juta Samb 2,73 Juta Samb 1,86 Juta Samb 1,03 Juta Samb 3,8 Juta Samb 0,097 Juta Samb 0,403 Juta Samb 0,382 Juta Samb 0.795 Juta SambSingapore Kuala Lumpur Hong Kong Bangkok Manila Water Taipei Brunei PDAM Kota
SurabayaPDAM Batam PDAM Jakarta
-
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
14,000
16,000
18,000
20,000
2,841
1,360
4,992
2,389
1,390 1,445 727
350 920 1,050
12,684 11,590 10,860
4,445
6,836
2,196
7,265
10,000
14,400 14,650
Perbandingan Tarif Maksimum & Minimum Air MinumBeberapa Kota Besar di Asia dan Indonesia Tahun 2010
Rp
./m3
14.40014.650
KUALA LUMPUR
HONG KONG
BANGKOK MANILA
Rp
./m3
KUALA LUMPUR
HONG KONG
BANGKOK MANILA TAIPE BRUNEI
Rp
./m3
KUALA LUMPUR
HONG KONG
BANGKOK MANILAKUALA LUMPUR
HONG KONG
BANGKOK MANILA TAIPE BRUNEI SURABAYA BATAM JAKARTA
www.pub.gov.sg www.sybas.com.my www.gov.hk www.mwa.co.th www.manilawater.com www.waterpark.twd.gov.tw www.aseankorea.org Peraturan Walikota No 55 / 2005
SK Ketua Otorita Batam106/KPTS/KA/XII/2007 Peraturan Gubernur
No 11 / 2007
SINGAPORE
Tariff Jakarta Singapore Kuala Lumpur
Manila Bangkok Brunei Hong Kong
Taipei
Lowest 0,11 0,31 0,14 0,15 0,26 0,08 0,55 0,16
Highest 1,61 1,39 1,27 0,75 0,48 0,84 1,19 0,24
MULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERSMULTIPLE STAKEHOLDERS
CONFLICTING INTERESTSCONFLICTING INTERESTS
(FINES, SANCTIONS, PUNITIVE ACTIONS)
FORCE OF LAW
- PUBLIC INTEREST PROTECTION
- HARNESS MARKET
COMMAND & CONTROL
(MARKET FORCES, RELIABLE INFORMATION,
BENCHMARKING & SOCIAL CONTROL)
ECONOMIC INCENTIVE
B A L A N C E D I N T E R E S T
OTHER
CHALLENGES FOR THE JAKARTA WATER SUPPLY REGULATORY BODY TO BALANCE THE INTEREST OF THE PARTIES
JAKARTA WATER SUPPLY REGULATORY BODY
NRW AS “KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATOR”
SYSTEM INPUT
VOLUME
AUTHORIZED CONSUMPTIO
N
BILLEDAUTHORISED
CONSUMPTION
BILLED METERED CONSUMPTION(INCLUDING WATER EXPORTED) REVENU
EWATERBILLED UNMETERED
CONSUMPTIONUNBILLED
AUTHORIZEDCONSUMPTION
UNBILLED METERED CONSUMPTION
NON REVENUE WATER
UNBILLED UNMETERED CONSUMPTION
WATER LOSSES
APPARENT LOSSESUNAUTHORISED CONSUMPTION
CUSTOMER METERING INACCURACIES
REAL LOSSES
RAW WATER MAINS AND AT THE TREATMENT WORKS (IF
APPLICABLE)LEAKAGE ON TRANSMISSION
AND/OR DISTRIBUTION MAINSLEAKAGE & OVERFLOWS AT UTILITY’S STORAGE TANKS
LEAKAGE ON SERVICE CONNECTIONS UP TO POINT OF
CUSTOMER METERING
WHY NRW LEVEL IS CALLED AS “COMPANY HEALTH”
NRW LEVEL HEALTH INDICATOR
TREATMENT NEEDED
0% - 10% HEALTHY LIFE AS USUAL10% - 15% LESS HEALTHY BE CAREFUL. MANAGE YOUR
DIET.15% - 20% UNHEALTHY GO TO THE DOCTOR20% - 25% SICK STAY IN THE HOSPITAL
ABOVE 25% STROKE ICCU
• PUT BURDEN ON CUSTO-MERS SIDE
• BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY
• FORCING DGW OVER EXTRACTION
• CREATE ECOLOGY RISK
• High Opex, Low Revenue
• High NRW/UFW
• DEPLETION OF QUANTITY AND QUALITY RAW
WATER SCARCIT
YSYSTEM
IN-EFFICIEN
CY VERY HIGH
WATER TARIF
LOW SERVICE COVERA
GE
WATER SUPPLY SERVICE MAIN CHALLENGES IN JAKARTA
• SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCE NRW
• OPTIMIZE OPEX FOR REVENUE
• PROVIDE AND SECURE RAW WATER
• High Opex, Low Revenue
• High NRW/UFW
• CONTROL
RAW WATER
SCARCITY
SYSTEM IN-
EFFICIENCY
OPERATORS RESPONSIBILI
TYGOVERNMENT
RESPONSIBILTY
POLICY AND STRATEGY FOR IMPROVEMENT
UNAVOIDABLE ANNUAL
APPARENT LOSSES
POTENTIALLY RECOVERABLE APPARENT
LOSSES
DATA TRANSFER ERRORSBETWEEN METERS
AND ARCHIVES; POOR CUSTOMER ACCOUNTABILITY
UNAUTHORIZEDCONSUMPTION
DATA ANALYSISERRORS BETWEENARCHIVED DATA AND DATA USED
FOR BILLING/WATERBALANCE
CUSTOMERMETER
INACCURACY
TARGETTING “THE DEVIL”
ILLEGALCONNECTION
METTERS IN- ACURACY
ILLEGAL CONSUMTION
METERS READING
ERROR
TARGETTING “THE DEVIL”
NEEDED GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION
REGULATION & ENFORCEMENT
APPROACH
PROPOSED NEW JAKARTA WATER SUPPLY PROJECT
KI MPRASWI L 206 April 2004
JAKARTA WATER SUPPLY SERVICE NEED VERY SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENT IN ORDER TO MITIGATE ECOLOGY DISASTER.
PERFORMANCE BASED WATER CHARGE HAS BEEN INTRODUCE TO FORCE BOTH OPERATORS (PALYJA AND AETRA) TO IMPROVE THEIR PERFORMANCE.
NRW/UFW REDUCTION NEEDS SOME GOVERNMENT SUPPORTS.
ESTABLISHMENT OF WATER SPECIAL LAW ENFORCEMENT (WATER POLICE) IS AN ALTERNATIVE TO CONTROL AND MINIMIZE ILLEGAL CONNECTION AS WELL AS ILLEGAL CONSUMPTION.
A NEW JATILUHUR WATER SUPPLY PROJECT HAS BEEN PROPOSES TO THE GOVERNMENT IN ORDER TO SOLVE RAW WATER SCARCITY PROBLEM FOR JAKARTA.
REMARKS
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