assessment of marine and coastal eutrophication using ......eutrophication under the sdg 14.1.1 by...
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Assessment of marine and coastal
eutrophication using remotely sensed chlorophyll-a
concentration
Genki Terauchi1, Elígio de Raús Maúre1, and Joji Ishizaka2
1 Northwest Pacific Region Environmental Cooperation Center /NOWPAP CEARAC
2 Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research,
Division for Land-Ocean Ecosystem Research, Nagoya University
Regional Seas Programme and NOWPAP
Regional Seas Programme (RSP)• Launched in 1974 by UNEP to address the accelerating degradation of the world’s oceans and coastal areas.
• RSP covers 18 regions around the world.
Northwest Pacific Action Plan
(NOWPAP)• Adopted in 1994
• 4 regional activity centers are set up in China, Japan, Korea and Russia
• Geographical scopeLatitude 33 - 52ON Longitude 121 – 143E
NOWPAP region
NOWPAP CEARAC(Special Monitoring and Coastal Environmental Assessment Regional
Activity Center of NOWPAP)
Missions
• Assessment of the state of the marine, coastal and associated freshwater environments
• Development of tools for environmental assessment using remote sensing techniques
Activities
• Harmful Algal Blooms
• Remote Sensing of Marine Environment
• Assessment of Eutrophication
• Marine Litters
• Marine Biodiversity
Consequences of eutrophication and its indicator development for
SDG 14.1.1 in the Northwest Pacific Region
Red tide
Green tide
Giant jelly fish
Hypoxia
Imai and Hori 2006
Wei et al 2007
Liu et al., 2010
Dong et al., 2010
Index of Coastal Eutrophication
(ICEP)
NOWPAP common procedure for
eutrophication assessment
Procedures for assessment of
eutrophication status including
evaluation of land-based sources
for nutrients for the NOWPAP
region (refined in 2013)
Use of selected parameters
including the remotely sensed
data is proposed as a
screening tool
The Common Procedures
(as of Aug 2013)
Assessment of eutrophication
by the NOWPAP Common Procedure
NOWPAP CEARAC (2009, 2014) Terauchi et al. (2014, 2018)
Level of Chl-a for
eutrophication assessment
proposed
by Bricker et al. (2003)
Hypereutrophic (>60ug l−1)
High (>20, ≤60ug l−1)
Medium (>5, ≤20ug l−1)
Low (>0 and ≤5ug l−1)
Concentration Level Trend
Help plan immediate mitigation intervention action
Help plan preventive management action
Chl-a level of 5ug l-1 is used as value for early warning against recent 3-year mean
Annual maximum value in monthly mean
NASA Standard
for case 1 water
YOC and NASA Standard mix
for case 2 water
(Locally tuned algorithm)
Satellite Chl-a used to assess
eutrophication in the NOWPAP region• Satellite Sensors
SeaWiFS (1998-2004)
MODIS-Aqua (2002-2016)
• Dataset and algorithms
Reprocessing 2014
NASA Standard and YOC
YOC Algorithm and pixel to pixel conversion of MODIS
Rrs band ratios
SeaWiFS
Rrs(443)/Rrs(555) = A
Rrs(412)/Rrs(490) = B
RoS
=Rrs(443)
oS
Rrs(555)oS
æ
èçç
ö
ø÷÷
Rrs(412)oS
Rrs(490)oS
æ
èçç
ö
ø÷÷
-0.463
A B
CHLoS
=10-0.166-2.158Log
10(RoS
)+9.345Log210
(RoS
)( )
MODIS Rrs
Rrs(443)/Rrs(547) = A'
Rrs(412)/Rrs(488) = B'
Jan
1998
MODIS (Aqua)
Jun
2002
Dec
2004
SeaWiFS
Dec
2016
Pixel to pixel
Comparison
Empirical algorithm developed by Yellow Sea Large Marine Ecosystem Ocean Color Work Group
YOC Algorithm (Siswanto et al., 2011)
Angles of the regression lines (left) and intercept (right)
SeaWiFS Rrs(555) vs MODIS-A Rrs(547)
42O N
36O N
30O N
120O E 128O E
B B’
SeaWiFS Rrs(412/490) vs MODIS-A Rrs(412/488)
A A’
SeaWiFS Rrs(443/555) vs MODIS-A Rrs(443/547)
Comparison of Rrs ratios and Rrs between
SeaWiFS and MODIS-A
Switching OC algorithms
NASA STD 100%
YOC 100%
0.008163
0.013605
Rrs555
Terauchi et al. 2018
Assessment of eutrophication in the Northwest
Pacific Region based on the NEAT
0.1 1 10 64 mg m-3
3 years (2013-2015) mean
-0.3 0 0.3 (mg m-
3/year)
Interannual trend of annual maximum
from 1998 to 2015
Terauchi et al. (2018)HD HN HI
LD LN LI
NASA Standard
for case 1 water
YOC and NASA Standard
mix for Case 2 water
Development of
Global Eutrophication Inspector
based on the NEAT
HD HN HI
LD LN LI
Embedding the NEAT algorithm
in Google Earth Engine
Use of SGLI of the GCOM-Mission
will enhance the applicability of satellite Chl-a
in eutrophication assessment in coastal zone
Chlorophyll-a concentration on
May 23, 2018 observed by SGLI
on board GCOM-C mission.
Image provided by Dr. Hiroshi
Murakami, JAXA
Summary• 1. The NEAT method can help develop indicator for the index of coastal
eutrophication under the SDG 14.1.1 by using both concentration
level and trend of remotely sensed Chl-a.
• 2. Application of the NEAT method in a global scale is in progress and
almost ready for operational use.
• 3. Use of higher resolution OC sensors such as JAXA SGLI is planned to
better detect eutrophication in estuary and enclosed bays.
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