assessment & site selection. who are these people? why have they come? what are they giving us?...

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Assessment & Site Selection

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Who are these people?Why have they come?What are they giving us?

Where is your water source and

do you have anyone that can assist to build

latrines?

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Assessment

Identifies the needs of the affected population Identifies who else is operating in the affected area Forms the basis of the plan of action Identifies where to set up the water treatment plant and position the latrines

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Data collection in emergency

The process of data collection can be broken down into three stages:

Stage 1: Rapid assessment

Stage 2: Baseline data

Stage 3: Further analysis

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

How Do We Do Assessments?

Big Ears to listen, Big Eyes to See and a Small Mouth to Speak

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Information collection in emergency

1. Structured observation

2. Mapping

3. InterviewsBig Ears to listen, Big Eyes to See and a Small Mouth to Speak

Rapid assessment (1 week)

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Observation

Look around and talk to people. Qualitative and Quantitative dataWalking through the area with local people facilitates discussion as the atmosphere is informal.Observation is useful for cross-checking.Excellent way to come upon unexpected information.

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Mapping

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Interviews

Group interview

Individual interview (key informant)

Household interviews

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Interview Technique

Introduce yourself

Assure confidentiality

Wait for response – then probe using neutral probes e.g. anything else?

Do not suggest answer – verbal or non verbal

Do not react to answers

Maintain conversational tone

Know local words

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A few common mistakes…

“Do you wash your hands?”

“How many people live in this house?”

“Where do you dispose of your faeces?”

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

Practical Exercise 1 - Assessment

An outbreak of acute watery diarrhoea (suspected cholera) and dengue fever was confirmed in Nepal.

You are part of an assessment team that is about to do a field visit to the affected area. Split into 4 groups and write a list of 10 things you want to know and what method you would use to collect the data and key informants.

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2. Availability of Resources

Selecting a Water SourceSelecting a Water Source

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QuantityQuantityQualityQualityAccessAccessDistributionDistributionSafetySafetyCamp SiteCamp SiteLocal Communities / Local GovernmentLocal Communities / Local Government

ONCE DECIDED IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO CHANGEONCE DECIDED IT IS VERY DIFFICULT TO CHANGE

Requirements for selecting a water sourceRequirements for selecting a water source

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SURFACE WATERSURFACE WATERLakesLakesRiversRivers

GROUNDWATERGROUNDWATERWellsWellsBoreholesBoreholesSpringsSprings

RAIN WATERRAIN WATER

Availability of ResourcesAvailability of Resources

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Type of emergencyType of emergency

Needs of affected Needs of affected populationpopulation

SPHERE WATSAN SPHERE WATSAN indicatorsindicators

Technical CriteriaTechnical Criteria

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WHAT? WHAT?

– Maps (Hydrological, topographic, infrastructures-water supply, etc)Maps (Hydrological, topographic, infrastructures-water supply, etc)

– Reports (Government, Red Cross (FACT) , NGOs)Reports (Government, Red Cross (FACT) , NGOs)

– Aerial photographsAerial photographs WHO?WHO?

• IFRCIFRC

• ICRCICRC

• National SocietyNational Society

• GovernmentGovernment

• NGOsNGOs

• Local PopulationLocal Population

• InternetInternet

Water Supply Selection Steps

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Individual basic equipmentIndividual basic equipmentMaps, compass, GPS Maps, compass, GPS

Water analysisWater analysisConductivity meter Conductivity meter pH meter pH meter Turbidíty meter Turbidíty meter NitratesNitratesNitrites Nitrites Delagua kit Delagua kit HardnessHardness

Field surveyField surveyField surveyField survey

Searching for a water source & a site campSearching for a water source & a site camp

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Water analysisWater analysis

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Complete Complete

assessment formsassessment forms

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Water source Nº:_______ Date:__________________

Type of source (River, stream, canal, well, borehole, etc)

Current uses of the water source

Current uses of water upstream or above the source

Current quantity of flow

Colour and odder of water

Is the water source seasonal? Specify the periods when flow is higher

and lower

Average waking distance to households

Are the surroundings used for defecation?

Type of surrounding vegetation

Type of surrounding fauna

FIELD LOG BOOKFIELD LOG BOOK

Physical characteristics of water sourcesPhysical characteristics of water sources

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Talk to Local Chapter, Public Bodies, Community Leaders, Talk to Local Chapter, Public Bodies, Community Leaders, NGOsNGOs

Talk to Local Chapter, Public Bodies, Community Leaders, Talk to Local Chapter, Public Bodies, Community Leaders, NGOsNGOs

International Federationof Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies

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Selection of the water sourceSelection of the water source

The Water Source location is based on:

Reports

Maps

Field Surveys

Field log books

Interviews with NGOs/beneficiaries/government