astroparticle physics in the netherlands gerard van der steenhoven amsterdam, november 15 th, 2004...

Astroparticle Physics in the Netherlands

Gerard van der Steenhoven

Amsterdam, November 15th, 2004

NIKHEF Scientific Advisory Committee

?LOFARGravitation

Cosmic Rays

Neutrinos

Dark Matter

Astroparticle Physics

WMAP results

Dark Matters searches

• Gravitational capture of ’s:

• Annihilation of neutralinos (’s):

in Earth, Sun, or Galactic Centre

Observe decay neutrino

+

W

W

Origin of high energy cosmic rays

~ E-2.7

• Scientific issues:

• How to get info:– Protons are bent…– High energy ’s ?

→ What is the origin of

(U)HE cosmic rays?

GZK limit: 5 x 1019 eV

→ Data beyond GZK limit: new physics?

Astroparticle Physics (APP)

• Dark Matter searches– neutralinos, monopoles,…

• Cosmic rays (GZK-limit)– AGN’s, GRB’s, -Quasars,…

• Neutrinos– oscillations, CP

• Gravitation– grav. waves

SN1987A

DoE/NSF report ‘Quantum Universe’

The key questions:

1. Undiscovered principles:

2. Dark energy:

3. Extra dimensions:

4. Unified forces:

5. Why so many particles:

6. Dark matter:

7. Neutrinos:

8. Origin of the universe:

9. Antimatter:

LHC

APP

1. Beyond SM, SUSY

2. Higgs Field

3. String Theory,

Gravitation

4. UH energies, p-decay

5. Top, bottom, - physics

6. WIMPs, neutralinos

7. Mass, CP, oscillations

8. QGP, WMAP

9. CP violation

APP @ NIKHEF - I

• ANTARES

– 0.05 km3 deep-sea -detector

– NIKHEF contributions:• DAQ-concept:

All-Data-to-Shore

• Readout, controls, point trigger

• Investments: 3.5 M€ (NWO-G)

– Pilot for ~ 1 km3 project

– Project status (Maarten de Jong):• Deployment 1st line: Summer 2005

• Fully operational system: early 2007

APP @ NIKHEF - II

• KM3NET

– Design study for ~ 1 km3 deep-sea -detector (EU FP6)

– Objectives of design study:• Develop complete design – ready to be built

• Reduce cost (per line) by factor two: total costs < 200 M€

• Site selection:

– Project status:• EU negotiations

• 2006 - 2008

• NIKHEF: 0.7 M€

(Els de Wolf)

ANTARES

NEMO NESTOR

Purpose of km3 -detector

• Astrophysics (-astronomy):– Identify point sources– Composition of jets– Origin of cosmic acceleration– Diffuse fluxes

• Particle physics (beyond SM)– Dark Matter searches:

• Neutralinos, Monopoles,..

– Origin of UHE-cosmic rays– Neutrino oscillations

(extra) galactic -sources

Neutralino search: → +…

Expected rates: point-like sources

KM3NET 1 yr

Quasars and GRBs Neutralino searches

KM3NET 3 yr

GRB’s

Expected rates: diffuse fluxes

Waxman-Bahcall Limit for extra-galactic sources: ~ 250 ev/yr/km2

NT-200

DUMAND

W&B

MPRMPR

+ NT-200

AMANDA-II/ANTARES

IceCube/KM3NeT

AMANDA-B10

GRB

atmospheric neutrinos

Mannheim et al: refinement of WB-limit +individual src-s.

Total expected diffuse rate: 20 x ANTARES ~ 105 ’s/yr

KM3NET versus ICECUBE

• Complementary sky views*:

• Angular resolution:• Energy threshold:

(*) ANTARES location provides a sky coverage of 3.5 sr and an instantaneous common view with AMANDA

of 0.5 sr, and about 1.5 sr common view per day. The Galactic centre is visible 2/3 of the time.

KM3NET ICECUBE

galactic

centre

KM3NET ICECUBE

0.1 deg 0.5 deg

1 TeV 10 TeV

APP @ NIKHEF - III• LOFAR

– Radio-frequency interferometer (10-250 MHz)

– APP application: high-energy cosmic rays (GZK limit?)

– Data volume: few GB/s/station:• TIER1 @ NIKHEF

– Project status:• Under construction in NL

• Dutch investment: 52 M€

• CR proof-of-principle

• Operations: 2007-2012

(Jeff Templon)

LOFAR

What is LOFAR?• Astronomy:

– First measurement 10 – 250 MHz

radiospectrum (0.5 tot 30 m waves)– Cosmology: early ionisation phase

• Astroparticle physics: – Cosmic rays of E > 1014 eV

5 ev/hr

1 ev/yr

APP: the challenge in NL

• ANTARES:

– FOM program ends in 2006 (….data taking until 2010!)

• KM3NET:

– Dutch investment required: ~ 10 M€ (in 2010)

• LOFAR:

– Additional resources for CR-program needed

• Other research ambitions:

– KATRIN, Gravitation, Pierre Auger:

A coherent national plan is needed !

The Pierre Auger Project

• Large CR-array

in Argentina

• NIKHEF (Nijmegen)

invited as partner

• Idea: implement

radio-detection of

CR’s (~ LOFAR)

• Advantage: direct access

to newest UHE-CR data!

APP developments elsewhere• US:

– New astroparticle physics institutes (@ SLAC, FNAL)

– DoE/NSF paper ‘Quantum Universe’

• Germany:

– New ‘Fachbereich’

– Push from BMBF

• Italy:

– Separate ‘funding chapter 2’ within INFN

– Number of researchers involved: 800

Astroteilchenphysik: BMBF-Förderung

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2000 2001 2002

Mio

€

APP in NL: considerations

• New scientific community:…… critical mass

• Funding agencies (FOM, NWO-E):

– Involve all groups in the Netherlands

– Obtain active support astronomers

– Be selective: set priorities

• Universities:……… get new faculty on APP

Choose a bottom-up approach!

Our approach

• Form a scientific community in the Netherlands:– APP symposia: 26 April @ NIKHEF, 24 Sept @ Nijmegen,

21 Jan. ‘05 @ Leiden, 22 April ’05 @ KVI, …

– Create web-site: www.astroparticlephysics.nl

• Form an organizational body (‘bottom up’):– ‘Committee for Astroparticle physics in the NL’ (CAN)

• Formulate a strategy:

– CAN prepares a research plan (+M€’s)

The CAN committee• Approach:

– Inventory of research ambitions– Set priorities and write research plan– Feed-back from Dutch APP community

• Membership:– Amsterdam: B. Hertzberger, P.J. Mulders (VU), R. Wijers– ASTRON: H. Falcke– Groningen: M. van de Weijgaert – KVI: A. van den Berg, N. Kalantar, R. Timmermans – Leiden: A. Achacurra– Nijmegen: J. Kuijpers, S. de Jong – NIKHEF: F. Linde, G. van der Steenhoven (chair)– Utrecht: A. Achterberg

Crab

Planning

• 14 oktober 2004:

– CAN ‘kick-off’ meeting in Amsterdam

• 1 december 2004:

– Inventory APP research ambitions

• January - April 2005:

– First draft + feedback community

• May- June 2005:

– Submission plan to funding agencies:

FOM/NWO-N, NWO-E, NWO-AB

First draft of web-page

………under construction !K. Huijser, NIKHEF

First result of inventory

cf. TIER1for LHC

Conclusion• Astroparticle Physics:

– High discovery potential

– New initiative in NL

– Bottom-up approach

• Scientific Advisory Committee:– Advice on chosen approach

– Advice on APP priorities

Possible resources for APP

• FOM (physics)

– Through NIKHEF ‘mission budget’, and small projects

• NWO-E (e-science, mathematics, astronomy)

– Open competition (small), new joint program?

• NWO – AB (general board)

– Awards & fellowships (‘veni-vidi-vici’ program)– Investments (NWO-M and NWO-G)– As new interdisciplinary program (‘New Money’)

• EU (framework program - FP7):– Marie-Curie fellowships, Design studies,

Research Infrastructures (I3’s), Construction,…

M€’s