athenian education

8/2/2019 Athenian Education

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PREPARED BY: LOVERNA ABELLA, PTRP

Ancient Athens was the leading cultural center of theGreek world.

Most of the gifted writers of Greece lived there.They wrote works of drama, history, lyric poetry and

philosophy that have influenced literature up to thepresent time.

Playwrights: Aeschylus, Sophocles, Eupirides

Comedy Writer: Aristophances

Philosophers: Socrates and PlatoHistorian: Thucydides

Orator: Demosthenes

Good citizenship was the foremost aim of Athenianeducation.

There was a stress on individual excellence in wisdom,beauty and strength for public usefulness

Athens was the first state where there was freedom todevelop all human capacities

• most boys went to school roughly from age 7 to age14

• - all schools were private schools - parents had topay to send their children to school but the fees

were so low that even poor citizens could usually afford to have their sons educated and most did

so because they valued education

• - schools were mostly only one room areas - oftenopen to the streets on one side (perhaps with a

draw- curtain to keep down distraction)• - equipment was minimal: students sat on

benches and held their work in their laps - there were no chalkboards or other teacher aids - the

teacher might have some books, but studentsmostly did not

• -the academic part of the school day began at dawnand lasted until about noon

- teachers were often retired military men - discipline was strict, beatings were given not only formisbehaviour but also for careless mistakes

• - boys were mostly accompanied to and from school by an educated and trusted slave called a PEDAGOGUE,

whose job it was to protect the young man fromundesirables, help him to choose good friends andoversee his behavior and his progress in class (theslaves sat at the back of the class and observed)

Civic training

Moral training

Physical EducationIntellectual Education

Art, Music, poetry and Dancing

Was dominant aim because of the desire to serve thestate

Was an emphasis on the virtues of Homeric heroes as well as those for service of the states

Was taken not to develop strength but to develop graceand harmony

Was needed in the participation in the Assembly andin discussions in the market place

Were taken not for pleasure and entertainment but forthe ennobling influence on the intellect and moralsand good cultural training, an Apollonian ideal

The Athenian boys were taught reading, writing andarithmetic

Selected verses were dictated, memorized andchanted.

They studied music, art, poetry, games and sports.

As a boy matured, he acquired military skills and

practiced civic virtues necessary for his role as a citizenin a democratic state

Education in Athens was supervised by the state.

The house did very little because the women were not

educated except for a few heterae, cultured women, who participated in social life and intellectualdiscussions of the upper class males.

The schoolboy was assigned to the care of a

paidagogus, once a slave, but very learned.

When conventional schooling ceased, his educationbegan

-participated in activities in city life -went to assemblies and heard skillful debates

-learned the laws, exercised and interpreted them

-at the theater, he listened to the classics and histories

of people -in the Olympic games, he came contact with Greek

culture

This paidagogus was charged with teaching the boy the intricacies of manners and morals and assuring thesafe delivery of his ward.

The first schools were private and secondary andhigher education did not yet exist so that by the age of 14, education was over for most boys.

The state provided for public gymnasiums calledpalaestra.

Here the youth trained until he reached 18 years of ageand was ready for military life.

He became an ephebos, an apprentice militiaman.

There were three types of teachers, the Kitharist or

teacher of music, the grammalist or teacher of lettersand the paedotribe or teacher of gymnastics

Until the age of seven, an Athenian boy lived at home,usually under the care of slaves

From seven and sixteen the boy divided his timebetween the didiscaleum (music school) and thepalaestra (gymnasium) usually accompanied by hisslave tutor (pedagogue)

After sixteen, he continued his physical education atthe palaestra.

He was trained by a drillmaster called paedoribe and was under the supervision of a state moral sensor, thesophronist.

An an ephebos(18-20 yrs), he spent his days in military service and was given the privileges of full citizenship

Much of the learning was by imitation, usually of aliving model. Readings were memorized.

Most of the education came from participation.Discipline was severe and corporal punishment wasused extensively.

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