authors: dr aurangzeb khan, npd-niap/chief environment,

National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Prospects of Strategic Environmental Assessment in Pakistan

Case Study of “Clean Drinking Water for All” Programme

Authors: Dr Aurangzeb Khan, NPD-NIAP/Chief Environment,

Nazia Zakir Ahmed, DPM/SEA Coordinator-NIAP,

Environment Section, Planning Commission Government of Pakistan

IAIA 2011,Puebla, Mexico

National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Presentation Flow

Introduction CDWA at Glance Implementation Methodology Lessons Learned Can SEA add value Way Forward

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National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Introduction

Area: 796,096 Km2 Population: 174.86 million

(2011) Four provinces Four territories Seven tribal agencies 132 districts > 540 tehsils > 6600 union councils

About 1,500 About 1,500 kmkm

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National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Introduction (Cont)C

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National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Introduction (Cont)Access to Drinking Water

Source: Ministry of Science and Technology Dec, 2005 5

National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Introduction (Cont)

Millennium Development Goal 7:“Ensure Environmental Sustainability” Target 10:“Halve by 2015 the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water”

In order to achieve MDG Target, Government of Pakistan responded with a project aiming to provide safe drinking water to general masses.

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National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Clean Drinking Water for All Programme at Glance

Project Titles: Phase I: Clean Drinking Water Initiative Phase II: Clean Drinking Water for All Programme

Scope: Entire Pakistan

Funded by: Public Sector Development Programmes

Execution: Federal and provincial government through various Ministries

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National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Phase I – Salient Features

Phase I:Clean Drinking Water Initiative (July 2004):Total Water Filtration Plants(WFPs) installed = 406

Chlorine-based Filtration = 35 Reverse Osmosis = 56

Duration : 2004-2007(3 years)Scope : One WFP at each Tehsil of PakistanOriginal Cost (2004): Rs 115.2 Million = 121 WFPs1st Revision (2005) : Rs 495.5 Million = 544 WFPs2nd Revision (2009) : Rs 999.59 Million = 406 WFPs2004: 1 USD = PKR 57, 2005 :1 USD=PKR 59, 2009: 1 USD= PKR 80

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National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Phase II– Key Facts

Phase-II: Clean Drinking Water for All (CDWA) Project (2006):Total WFPs to be installed = 6626Ultra Filtration = 5686Reverse Osmosis = 940

Duration: 2006-2008 (3 years)Scope: One WFP at each Union Council of Pakistan Original Cost(2006): 7871.74 Million = 6035 WFPsRevised Cost(2007): 15,843 Million = 6626 WFPs 2006 :1 USD=PKR 60, 2007: 1 USD= PKR 60

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National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Implementation Methodology

Pre-qualification of Firms; Selection of technology ; Water quality survey of sites; Allocation of funds:

- Capital expenditure;

- Three years O&M.

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National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Governance Lapse

Phase Planned Installed Operational Non -operational

Phase I 544 406 283 123

Phase II 6626 1144 678 466

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Progress

National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Lessons Learned

Absence of National Drinking Water Policy Unplanned Expansion of geographical scope

(hilly terrain) No clear concept, feasibility and environmental

assessment study Energy crisis and non availability of electricity

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National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Lessons Learned (Cont)

Site and technology selection criteria Top driven approach Lack of institutional capacity Post installation sustainability(O&M/Staff) Divided responsibility & lack of ownership No clear concept of land availability

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National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Lessons Learned (Cont)

Political interference/Vested interests Lack of SEA regime Alternatives not considered e.g

improvement of existing schemes vs. CDWA Lack of stakeholder engagement Lack of Environment based evidence to support

implementation.

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National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Costly mistakes made!

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National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Challenges of SEA

With less enforcement EIA system, SEA Lack of understanding of the SEA as a tool. Absence of coordination mechanism & public

awareness. Non-availability SEA professionals. Non-availability of financial support where

environment is a less priority.

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National Impact Assessment Programme (NIAP)

Way Forward

Effective Adherence to Environment related policies e.g National Drinking Water Policy;

Country wide need assessment for SEA; Pilot SEA (New Growth S) followed by Legislation for SEA; Capacity building and mass awareness; Improvement in existing and traditional drinking water

schemes; Preservation Plan for water reservoirs.

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