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Automated Steady and Transient CFD Analysis of Flow Over Complex Terrain for Risk Avoidance in Wind Turbine Micro-Siting

Global Flow Solutions, Vestas Wind Systems A/SGregory S. Oxley, Yavor V. Hristov, Seonghyeon Hahn, Cheng-Hu Hu, Søren Mogensen

[14 June 2011, Gregory S. Oxley, Global Flow Solutions, Vestas Wind Systems A/S]

6th OpenFOAM Workshop, Penn State, USA, 14 June, 20112

Presentation Outline

Background: Global Flow Solutions Why CFD for wind turbine micro-siting? 3 levels of CFD analysis

Part 1: Automatic Wind Park Simulator The process Step-by-step

Part 2: ”Forensic” transient analysis Detached-eddy simulation Mesoscale-microscale coupling

6th OpenFOAM Workshop, Penn State, USA, 14 June, 20113

Plant Siting & Forecast (formerly Wind & Site Competence Centre)

PSF is a shared resource focusing on development within:• New software and hardware tools• Uniform calculation methods and reporting• Sharing knowledge across borders• Siting and optimised production calculations• Wind resource measurements / risk assessment• Weather prediction

Staff ~ 30 specialists• CFD specialists• Meteorologists• Ph.D’s in mathematics / statistics / physics• Engineers / technicians• Application developers

Computational Resources• Jetstream - 1,344 cores• Firestorm - 12,222 cores

Vestas C. Europe

Vestas N. Europe

Vestas Pacific

Vestas China

VestasAmericas

Vestas Offshore

Vestas Med.

Plant Siting

& Forecast

6th OpenFOAM Workshop, Penn State, USA, 14 June, 20114

What if local wind effects are ignored?

Gear box may also have excessive loads due to wind turbulence

6th OpenFOAM Workshop, Penn State, USA, 14 June, 20115

Prevention is better than cure

6th OpenFOAM Workshop, Penn State, USA, 14 June, 20116

Automatic Wind Park Simulator – The BUTTON

EmailPointwise

Glyph 2 Script

OpenFOAMCase i

OpenFOAMCase i+1

OpenFOAMCase N

custom

PowerPoint & Excel Reports

Bash Script

custom

custom

Queuing System

Vestas Site Check

W&S engineerW&S engineer W&S engineer

Jetstream

6th OpenFOAM Workshop, Penn State, USA, 14 June, 20117

Vestas Site Check provides industrystandard wasp map contour file

wasp.map -> plot3d conversion and cut to turbine buffer distance

Terrain edge smoothing for even inlets and mesh extrusion considerations

Automatic Windpark SimulatorSteady, turbulent k-ε simulation

6th OpenFOAM Workshop, Penn State, USA, 14 June, 20118

Automatic Windpark SimulatorSteady, turbulent k-ε simulation

VestasFOAMfluent3DMeshToFoam

structured hyperbolic mesh extrusionin Pointwise with Glyph2 macro

utility used to generate hanging nodearchitecture

msh format → OpenFOAM format

unstructured meshing also available

6th OpenFOAM Workshop, Penn State, USA, 14 June, 20119

Automatic Windpark SimulatorSteady, turbulent k-ε simulation

customized from simpleFoam

standard ABL steady profiles

k-epsilon turbulence model with modified constants

customized inlet/outlet and terrainboundary conditions

6th OpenFOAM Workshop, Penn State, USA, 14 June, 201110

Automatic Windpark SimulatorSteady, turbulent k-ε simulation

automated reports (turbulence intensity, inflow angles, wind shear)

Vestas Site Check interface

statistical data for power forecasting

…

6th OpenFOAM Workshop, Penn State, USA, 14 June, 201111

Transient Analysis - Mesoscale – OpenFOAM couplingCase study: Japanese Wind Park

• blades damaged on 2 turbines on 2010-12-27

• suspected strong negative wind shear

6th OpenFOAM Workshop, Penn State, USA, 14 June, 201112

Mesoscale – OpenFOAM couplingCase study: Japanese Wind Park

WRF LES simulation at 111 m horizontal resolution

initialized with GFS

model topography at 1 km resolution

13

ALARM ALARM

Mesoscale – OpenFOAM couplingCase study: Japanese Wind Park

6th OpenFOAM Workshop, Penn State, USA, 14 June, 2011

6th OpenFOAM Workshop, Penn State, USA, 14 June, 201114

Mesoscale – OpenFOAM couplingCase study: Japanese Wind Park

6th OpenFOAM Workshop, Penn State, USA, 14 June, 201115

Summary

Switching to OpenFOAM makes sense: Access to source code Research community involvement Flexibilty Publishable …

Levels of Support: Steady analysis DES forensic analysis Forest modeling

Advanced applications : Dynamically coupled Mesoscale – OpenFOAM for 1hr period of interest

The future has many possibilities!

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