automotive market perspective of ultracapacitors[1]
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8/3/2019 Automotive Market Perspective of Ultracapacitors[1]
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Automotive Market
Perspective of Ultracapa
Hyun Jin Song
NESSCap Inc.
Advanced Capacitors WJuly 17-19, 200
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Outline
Market Drivers
Vehicle Simulation Results- Fuel Cell Hybrid Technology- FCEV Power Management Scenario- Power Simulation in HMC Driving Mode
270V/ 15.7F EDLC Module
- Specifications- Discharge Simulation- Chassis Dynamometer Test Results
450V / 13.3F Hybrid Cap Module- Specifications- Capacitance, ESR, charge/discharge charact- UC10, UC50 and Cold Crank Test Result
Summary and Conclusions
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Market Drivers
Ultra-capacitors are an attractive energy storage device
generation vehicles:
High power and cycle life capabilities
Value proposition for micro-hybrid vehicles is higher
Value proposition for buses and delivery vehicles is higher
Ideal solution as distributed energy cache at the critical loa
high peak power
X-by wire (ECB, EPS) Micro, Mild-Hybrid
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FCEV Power Management Sc
Re
(8
Acceleration Assist Power
Supply (40kWMax)
Source: Hyun
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0 300 600 900
-100
0
100
Vehicle Speed
Motor Power
Time (sec)
Speed,
MotorPower
-100
0
10 0
SCAP Power
SupercapPower
Power Simulation in HMC Driv
Discharge(power assist)
Charge(regeneration)
100kW Motor and 430V/11.8F Supercap
Ideal solution for extremely high power and short
Source: Hyun
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EDLC Module for FCEV
Value
270
292
15.7
76
Max. 186
Rated 159
Usable 120
Wh/l 2.3Wh/kg 2.8
66
80.8
1242x290x224
Weight (kg)
Volume (L)
Rated Voltage (VR)
Max Voltage (VM)
Energy (Wh)
Capacitance (F)
ESR (mOhm, DC)
ax nergyDensity
Dimensions (LxWxH, mm)
Paremeters
270V/15F module
Specifications
Hyu
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Simulated Discharge Profile
0 10 20 30 40 50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
Calculated Constant Current Discharge Profile of 270V/15.7F Ultracap Module
Voltage(V)
Time (sec)
100Amp
150Amp
200Amp
250Amp
300Amp
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Chassis Dynamometer Test Re
FCEV Spec.
Gasoline-equivalent fuel economy
FC currents und
Source: EVS21, Monaco, 2005 / Hyun
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17170mESR (DC)
DownsizedModule(1/10 Scale)
Full ScaleModule*
Unit
> 15
-25~70
> 7.4 (@80kW)
> 14 (@40kW)
4.0
4.5
95
107
230
430
13.3
483
450
48.3VMax. Voltage
> 1.5
-25~70
> 7.4 (@8kW)
> 14 (@4kW)
4.3
8.0
5.4
10
23
43
133
45
WhUsable Energy (450V~280V)
WhMax. Energy
KgWeight
kWCold Cranking Power @ -30oC
for 30 sec. (3 times for 10sec.)
oCOperational Temp. Range
secPulse Charge Duration @375V
secPulse Discharge Duration @375V
Wh/kg
Wh/LMax. Energy Density
LVolume
FCapacitance
VVoltage
450V / 13.3F Hybrid Cap Mod
* Preliminary
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CompositiActive Cel
Module siz
Volume: 9
Cooling Fa
NTC therm
Connector
Temperat
Layout and Functions of 450V/13
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7400JMax. Energy
0.8mESR (DC)
0.321KgWeight
-25~60oCOperating
Temp. Range
6.4Wh/kg
9.7Wh/LMax. Energy
Density
0.212LVolume
2800FCapacitance
2.3VVoltage
2.3V/2800F Hybrid Cap
Specification
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Testing on 45V/133F Hybridcap
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0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
21
24
27
30
33
36
39
42
45
48
V2 = 27V (60% Vmax)
T2 = 478 sec
V1 = 36V (80% Vmax)
T1 = 224 sec
Capacitance of 45V module at R.T.
Vo
ltage(V)
Time(sec)
V1
- V2
: Discharge Volta
Result
C=141F
T2
- T1
: Discharge Time
I : Discharge current (
C = I * (T2
- T1) / (V
1- V
Test Conditions
1) Constant voltage char2) Constant current disc
Capacitance Measuremen
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Result
ESR=15.8m
I : Discharge curreV : Voltage drop fo
ESR = V/ I
Test Conditions
1) Constant voltage c2) Constant current d
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
IR-Drop of 45V Module at R.T.
IR-Drop at 10mSec
V = 1.63V
Voltage
Current
Time
Voltag
e(V)
-120
-100
-80
-60
-40
-20
0
Current(A)
ESR Measurement
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0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
Constant Power Discharge
2kW
4kW
8kW
Voltage(V)
Time(sec)
0 5 10 15 20
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
Constant Powe
Voltage(V)
Time(sec
Test Conditions1) Discharge: CVC 10min at 45V CPD at 2, 4 and 8kW2) Charge: CVC 10min at 28VCPC at 2, 4 and 8kW
Results
Charge Time (sec)
Discharge Time (sec)
Charge / Discharge Character
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UC10 Test Profile
Round Trip Efficiency in UC10
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Results
Test current / pow
Round-trip efficien
= (Wh (discha
Discharge Energy(W
Regen Energy(Wh)
Round-trip efficien
Test Result on UC10
5763.6 5767.2 5770.8 5774.4 5778.0 5781.6 5785.2 5788.8 5792.4
20
25
30
35
40
45
voltage
Energy Efficiency Test (UC10)
Time(sec)
Voltage(V)
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
current
Current(A
)
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0 4 8 12
-250
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
Current(C-rate)
Time in P
Rest Step1
Discharge Step
Rest 2 (OCV)
Charge
Rest 1 (OCV)
Discharge
Test
Current
(C-rate)
Cumulativ
e Time in
Profile
(seconds)
Step Duration
(seconds)
Ultracapacitor Energy Effic
Ultracapacitor Energy Efficiency and Life Test Profile
Round Trip Efficiency in UC50
UC50 Test Profile
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Results
Test current / pow
Round-trip efficien
= (Wh (discha
Discharge Energy(W
Regen Energy(Wh)Round-trip efficien
Test Result on UC50
9608 9616 9624 9632 9640 9648 9656
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
voltage
Energy Efficiency Test (UC50)
Time(sec)
V
oltage(V)
-450
-225
0
225
450
675
900
current
Current(A)
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0 10 20 30
10
20
30
40
50
Time(sec)
Voltage(V)
Cold Cranking Pulse Test @-30oC
1.515010
004010
1.513010
002010
1.511010
Test Power
(kW)
Test Power
(Relative)
CumulativeTime in Profile
(seconds)
StepDuration
(seconds)
Results1) Enough power supply
FCEV at -30C2) Minimum voltage of
voltage of 30.5V afte
Cold Cranking Pulse Test Profile
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Summary and Conclusions
Ultracap provides ideal solution for X-by Wire, HE
FCEV hybridized with EDLC is 10% more energy ethan battery FCEV. This comes from several aspec
- High recuperation efficiency- Faster dynamic response
- High charging/discharging efficiency of ultracap in witemperature
Feasibility study on a hybrid type ultracapacitor mtwice volumetric energy of EDLC is undergoing.
- Fairly high efficiencies in UC10 and UC50 cycle testing- Enough cold cranking power
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H. Jin Song
H. Jin Song joined Nesscap in 2005. He currently overseas Nesscap's US
operations and is in charge of the automotive ultracapacitor project withUSABC. He has a doctorate degree from Columbia University and a BS fromCornell University. He has worked at IBM TJ Watson Research Center and
served as a CTO of various start-ups.
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