b ees. ccd bees

BEES

CCD

http://time.com/100011/pesticides-are-killing-bees/

TARGET STORE IN OREGON, 2013

Careless timing of insecticide 50,000 bee deaths

COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER (CCD)

• Adult bees fly off to die• Causes include parasites, viruses, bacteria,

poor nutrition and pesticides

COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER (CCD)

The viruses compromise bees’ ability to manufacture proteins to fight off pathogens, to detoxify pesticides, etc.

COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER (CCD)

A U.S. District Judge from Manhattan has banned the sale of spirotetramat after January 15, 2010, a pesticide produced by Bayer CropScience. Citing allegations by environmental groups and commercial beekeepers that the pesticide is toxic and is killing off the nation's honeybee population.

According to Cote, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) did not follow proper procedure when approving spirotetramat. The EPA did not take public comment about the pesticide before approving it and the agency failed to publish both the Bayer application and the approval documents in the Federal Register. The EPA and Bayer CropScience have 60 days to appeal the decision.

COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER (CCD)

• Queen and a small number of survivor bees may be present in the brood nest• http://maarec.psu.edu/ColonyCollapseDisorder.ht

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COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER (CCD)

• February 2007, many of the beekeepers reporting heavy losses associated with CCD • 50-90% of their colonies

• Surviving colonies not viable pollinating or honey producing

COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER (CCD)

• No evidence CCD affects honey• Impact limited to adult bees

COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER (CCD)

• GMO crops, specifically Bt Corn • Genetically Modified Organism

• Symptoms not consistent with GMO• Not a “top” priority at the moment

COLONY COLLAPSE DISORDER (CCD)

• Radiation transmitted by cell towers

• The distribution of both affected and non-affected CCD does not make this a likely cause

• Also cell phone service is not available in some areas where affected commercial apiaries are located • For this reason, it is

currently not a top priority.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2012/01/120112112722.htm

http://www.panna.org/blog/banner-week-bee-science-zombie-flies-poisonous-planter-exhaust

JC Chong (Clemson) believes parasitic mite still the likely major factor of CCD

OP, Carbamates, and pyrethroids hardest on beneficials

SOLITARY BEES

SOLITARY BEES

4000 species Live one year

1 month as adult 11 months as egg, larva and pupa

Chambers in holes or tubes Cap chambers with mud or plant material

Lay egg with food Bee bread is nectar and pollen

NATIVE BEES

Most native bees solitary Resistant to CCD

Honeybees introduced from Europe in 1622

NATIVE BEES

Lay egg in cavity and plug with food

NATIVE BEES

Work longer hours Prolific pollinators

NATIVE BEE HOMES

Sunny location Protect from rain At least 3’ off ground

NATIVE BEES

Sweat BeesRarely stingCollect pollen on hairs on legs

NATIVE BEES

Mason Bee

NATIVE BEES

Digger Bee

NATIVE GROUND NESTING BEES

NATIVE BEES

Mariola bee One of few natives that

produce honey Stingless

NATIVE BEE HOMES

Simple nesting blocks Multiple holes drilled into

blocks of wood Several inches deep Vary in diameter, from 2 mm to 7

mm. Untreated lumber or dried logs

NATIVE BEE HOMES

Hollow tubes Sections of bamboo 12” long

Bees will plug the end of the tube with mud

NATIVE BEE HOMES

NATIVE BEE HOMES

NATIVE BEE HOMES

BUMBLE BEES

BUMBLE BEES

The only native social bee 45 species

Colony is seasonal Only queen survives the winter

General pollinators First to be active (February) Last to be active (November)

CUCKOO BEES

CUCKOO BEES

Lay egg in other bees nests Prey on solitary bee chambers

Would have to fight social bees

Not true parasite Cleptoparasite Other bee still dies

Starves