b.7fg mechanisms of evolution

B.7FG Mechanisms of Evolution

Picture Vocabulary

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genetic drift

Random changes in the frequency of alleles within a gene pool; greater effect on small

populations © 2012 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

gene pool

The total number of alleles for each gene that is available within a population

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mutation

Any change in the sequence of DNA; they can be beneficial, neutral, or deleterious

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allele

All of the possible forms of a gene that can occur in an individual

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genetic variation

The variety of gene combinations that exist within a population

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gene flow

The movement of genes into and out of a population due to interbreeding

between different populations © 2012 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

independent assortment

The random selection of chromosomes from homologous pairs during meiosis to form gametes;

each selection is independent of the other chromosome pairs

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crossing over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during meiosis;

contributes to genetic variation © 2012 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

recombination

The process by which genetic material from different individuals becomes combined

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theory

A probable explanation of an idea or concept that has been proven multiple times through scientific investigations

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endosymbiotic theory

The theory that the eukaryotic cell is actually composed of prokaryotic cells; organelles were

once independent prokaryotes © 2012 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

Oparin-Haldane hypothesis

The hypothesis in which the condition of Earth’s early atmosphere containing ammonia and water led to the

formation of amino acids and eventually the development of life

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bottleneck effect

A type of genetic drift in which the population size is greatly reduced due to natural disaster, predation, or habitat loss

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emigration

To leave one’s country or region for another

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founder effect

A new population is created by a few original founders; it has less genetic variation than the

parent population © 2012 Rice University - All Rights Reserved

immigration

To enter and settle in an area that is not one’s native country

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