babul pod ppt
Post on 23-Oct-2014
255 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
1
WELCOME
Dairy Cattle Nutrition DivisionNational Dairy Research Institute
Karnal-132001
Class Seminar on
Presented to:Dr. Neelam KewalramaniPrincipal Scientist
Speaker :Umesh SontakkePh.D Scholar
INTRODUCTION• Botanical name : Acacia nilotica
• Acacia- akis meaning thorn/sharp point
• Nilotica- along the Nile River Prickly acacia –Australia Babul – India
• A. nilotica is a native to India, Pakistan and most of the African countries.
• The tree is 5-20 m high with a dense spherical crown
• Pods- resembles beaded necklace, flat, straight or slightly curved
• Annual availability of A. nilotica pods in India: 600,000 metric tons.
3
Acacia nilotica
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Genus: Acacia
Species: A. nilotica
(Brenan, 1983)
(Punj;1988)
Babul pods Scarcity of feed and fodder in developing countries
Fodder tree and browse plants are important source
Need to use unconventional feed resources
Acacia nilotica pods can be used as an energy source in a concentrate mixture for ruminants and improves the efficiency of energy utilization in cattle (Barman and Rai, 2005)
Babul pods are important unconventional feed contain 13-14%CP and 65% TDN and can be incorporate in conventional ration
(Barman and Rai., 2002) A certain level of tannin containing babul pods in the diet is
advantageous to ruminants as it reduces bloat, protect proteins from rumen degradation and act as anti parasitic agent.
(Makkar, 2003)
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF Acacia nilotica PODS
(Barman and Rai, 2002)
CHEMICAL CHEMICAL COMPOSITION COMPOSITION
((%DM)%DM)
OMOM 94.8394.83
CPCP 13.1513.15
CFCF 14.9414.94
EEEE 1.441.44
NFENFE 65.365.3
AshAsh 5.175.17
EAA (g/100g EAA (g/100g protein on DM)protein on DM)
ArgArg 3.103.10
His His 6.216.21
Val Val 1.551.55
IsoleuIsoleu 2.592.59
LeucLeuc NDND
LysLys 1.031.03
Cyst+Cyst+
MetMet
4.664.66
PhenylPhenyl 2.592.59
ThreoThreo NDND
Tyros Tyros 2.072.07
TANNINS -HT -17.31%
-CT -1.4%
Minerals content ( DM )
Calcium, % 0.34
Phosphorus, % 0.07
Magnesium, % 0.28
Zinc, ppm 17.00
Copper, ppm 12.50
Cobalt, ppm 2.50
Mn, ppm 22.50
Composition Leaves Pods and seeds
Nitrogen 2.2-2.6% 1.6-2.2%
NDF 16.9-20.0% 25%
ADF 13.3-14.1% 17%
Energy 7.2-8.7 MJ/kg DM 10 MJ/kg DM
CF 10-21% 12-18%
C Tannins 6-12% 4-7%
6Barman and Rai, 2006
Chemical composition of babul leaves and pods & seeds on DMB
7
Proposed metabolism of babul pods tannin in lactating cows
Tannin
Gallic acid
Dihydrophloroglucino
l
3-Hydroxy- 5 Oxohexanoate (HOHN)
HOHN-CoA
TCA cycle ButyrateAcetate
Tannase
Pyrogallol phloroglucinol isomerase
Dihydrophloroglucinol hydratase
HOHN-CoA-Transferase
HOHN-CoA-synthetase
Rumen
Bioconversion of Tannins into Energy( Tsai and Jones, 1975,
Tsai et al., 1976;
Patel et al., 1981;
Krumholz et al., 1986)
Pyrrogallol
Chemicals found as a natural component of food or other Chemicals found as a natural component of food or other ingestible forms that have been determined to be beneficial to ingestible forms that have been determined to be beneficial to the human body in preventing or treating one or more diseases the human body in preventing or treating one or more diseases or improving physiological performance.or improving physiological performance.
Essential nutrients can be considered neutraceuticals if they Essential nutrients can be considered neutraceuticals if they provide benefit beyond their essential role in normal growth or provide benefit beyond their essential role in normal growth or maintenance of human body.maintenance of human body.Example:Example:
Antioxidant property of vitamin C and E and poly phenolic Antioxidant property of vitamin C and E and poly phenolic compounds like- Catechin, Gallic acid etc.compounds like- Catechin, Gallic acid etc.
Catechin and epicatechin have Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) like activity & have Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD) like activity & prevent lipid peroxidation by scavenging free radicals and reduce oxidative prevent lipid peroxidation by scavenging free radicals and reduce oxidative stress. (Kim stress. (Kim et alet al., 1995)., 1995)
Gallic acid is having strong antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic is having strong antioxidant, antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic activities (Shahrzad activities (Shahrzad et alet al., ., 2001)2001)
Catechin have an anti-hyperglycemic action & normalizing insulin release. have an anti-hyperglycemic action & normalizing insulin release. (Wolfram (Wolfram et al.,et al.,
2006)2006)
Cont…Cont…
• EGCG is at least 100 times more effective than vitamin C and 25 times better than vitamin E at protecting cellular material, DNA, from damage believed to be linked to cancer, heart disease and other potentially life threatening illnesses.
(Pillai et al.,1998)
• Ellagic acid is inhibiting the metabolism of procarcinogen. (Cozz et al.,
1995)
In vitroIn vitro degraded products (mg/g) of tannin in cattle degraded products (mg/g) of tannin in cattle
Tannin degraded products
(mg/g tannin)22% babul pods in TMR
Phloroglucinol 51.301
Gallic acid 0.104
Resorcinol 62.570
catechin 7.630
Barman, 2004
13
Ingredient composition (%, w/v) of the total mixed ration containing different levels of tannin
HPLC analysis of in vitro degradation products of tannins of TMR II, IV and VI after different incubation periods
( Barman et.al.,2008)
14
In vitro digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and protein of different TMRs containing different tannin levels
( Barman et.al.,2008)
Feeding babul pods to Cow
Milk collection
Pasteurization
Roller dryer
Condensed milk
Spray dryer
Designer milk powder containing Tannin monomers
DESIGNER MILK POWDER
Tandon, 2009
Degraded products (µg/g tannin) of babul pods tannin in Milk Degraded products (µg/g tannin) of babul pods tannin in Milk and Milk powder of Cowand Milk powder of Cow
Tannin degraded products (µg/g)
Milk Milk powder
Phloroglucinol 268.26 2.91
Gallic acid 2.89 ND
Resorcinol ND ND
Catechin gallate
ND ND
Catechin10.24 ND
Epicatechin 0.07 0.02
Reference Barman and Rai, 2006 Tandon and Rai, 2009
In vitro fermentation of tannin-rich tree fruits fermentation of tannin-rich tree fruits
Partition factor (IVOMD mg /ml) gas Partition factor (IVOMD mg /ml) gas
speciesspecies 6h6h 12h12h 24h24h 48h48h 96h96h
D. cinereaD. cinerea 19.9 19.9 8.58.5 6.16.1 4.74.7 4.44.4
A. eriolobaA. erioloba 5.9 5.9 4.24.2 4.04.0 3.73.7 3.23.2
A. erubescensA. erubescens 13.113.1 7.97.9 5.75.7 4.64.6 4.54.5
A. niloticaA. nilotica 36.036.0 18.718.7 11.311.3 7.87.8 6.36.3
A. sieberiana A. sieberiana 15.415.4 7.07.0 5.15.1 4.14.1 3.73.7
Smith Smith et al.,et al., 2008 2008
Partition factors (IVOMD mg/ml) for separated fruit fractionsPartition factors (IVOMD mg/ml) for separated fruit fractions
speciesspecies fractionfraction 6h6h 12h12h 24h24h 48h48h 96h96h
A. eriolobaA. erioloba hullshulls 10.7 10.7 5.5 5.5 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.0 3.4 3.4
seedseed 10.1 10.1 6.4 6.4 6.3 6.3 5.6 5.6 4.8 4.8
A. erubescensA. erubescens hullshulls 13.8 13.8 6.7 6.7 4.9 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.3
seedseed 23.2 23.2 12.7 12.7 8.0 8.0 6.2 6.2 5.7 5.7
A. niloticaA. nilotica hullshulls 48.8 48.8 23.9 23.9 14.9 14.9 10.710.7 7.7 7.7
seedseed 9.0 9.0 5.7 5.7 5.4 5.4 4.5 4.5 4.04.0
P. thoningiiP. thoningii hullshulls 7.0 7.0 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.6
seedseed 13.5 13.5 6.3 6.3 4.5 4.5 4.14.1 3.9 3.9
A. sieberianaA. sieberiana hullshulls 19.8 19.8 7.5 7.5 5.2 5.2 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.3
seedseed 9.3 9.3 6.3 6.3 5.3 5.3 4.4 4.4 3.8 3.8
Smith Smith et al.,et al., 2008 2008
In-vitro digestibility (% DM) and gas production in cattle
ParametersParameters Different levels of Babul Pods (BPDifferent levels of Babul Pods (BP))
ControlControl
0% BP0% BP
22 % BP22 % BP
(4% (4% tannin)tannin)
32 % 32 % BP (6 % BP (6 % tannin)tannin)
43 % BP43 % BP
(8% (8% tannin)tannin)
54 % BP 54 % BP
(10% (10% tannin)tannin)
65 % BP65 % BP
(12% (12% tannin)tannin)
IVDMDIVDMD
(%)(%)
66.6466.64 63.7563.75 60.0360.03 59.7459.74 59.2559.25 52.7552.75
IVOMDIVOMD
(%)(%)
67.1967.19 64.9164.91 62.3462.34 62.2862.28 60.7.360.7.3 54.7154.71
IVCPDIVCPD
(%)(%)
77.1577.15 49.3449.34 49.0949.09 47.6647.66 46.4946.49 44.6544.65
IVGPIVGP
(ml/g)(ml/g)
174.07174.07 178.33178.33 187.33187.33 177.67177.67 170.33170.33 148.00148.00
(Barman and Rai, 2006)
Level of tannin (%)
Parameter 0
1 2 3 4 5
IVTDMD% 81.96 77.95 78.69 76.83 75.36 75.10
IVTOMD% 78.84 77.07 77.11 77.10 76.64 76.40
IVGP(ml/g/h)
5.92 5.84 5.77 5.71 5.82 5.92
IVTCPD% 92.50b 90.93b 90.13b 90.08ab 87.14a 87.05a
NH3-N(mg/dl SRL)
15.76b 16.14b 16.56b 13.76ab 9.56a 6.34a
Effect of graded levels of tannin from Acacia nilotica pods on in vitro nutrient digestibility, gas production and NH3 production in GNC after 24 h
(Thirumeignanam , 2010)
Effect of treated groundnut cake with graded levels of tannins from Effect of treated groundnut cake with graded levels of tannins from Acacia niloticaAcacia nilotica pods on effective pods on effective crude proteincrude protein degradability, RDP, UDP values degradability, RDP, UDP values
parameter GNC0 GNC1 GNC2 GNC3 GNC4 GNC5
ECPD% 90c 83b 80b 80b 76a 73a
CP( g/kg DM) 440.0 422.2 408.2 397.0 385.2 375.7
RDP( g/kg DM) 397.0 352.0 327.8 319.1 291.9 275.4
UDP( g/kg DM) 43.0 70.2 80.4 77.9 93.2 100.3
(Thirumeignanam, 2010)
Effect of feeding Acacia nilotica pods with different sources of protein on digestible nutrient intake (Kg/d) in crossbred heifers.
Digestible Nutrient intake(kg/d)
Parameters GNC(C) GNC+AP SBM(C) SBM+AP
DM 2.15a 2.13a 2.36ab 2.41b
OM 1.99 2.06 2.15 2.23
CP 0.42b 0.36a 0.44b 0.41b
EE 0.05b 0.04a 0.05aab 0.05ab
CF 0.44a 0.59b 0.51ab 0.61b
( Thirumeignanam,2010)C= control,AP= 3% Acacia pod tannin
Digestible Coefficient(%)
GNC GNC+AP SBM SBM+AP
DM 46.55a 46.77ab 50.11ab 51.25b
OM 47.90 49.57 50.29 52.68
CP 65.06b 60.06a 66.34b 66.19b
EE 61.41b 52.01a 57.13ab 62.61b
CF 40.48a 50.93b 47.39ab 55.30b
NFE 46.12 46.09 46.95 47.68
Effect of feeding Acacia nilotica pods with different sources of protein on digestibilitycoefficient(%) of nutrients in crossbred heifers
( Thirumeignanam,2010)C= control,AP= 3% Acacia pod tannin
Effect of feeding Acacia nilotica pods with different protein sources on energy and protein utilization efficiency for milk
production in cows.
parameter GNC(C) GNC+AP SBM(C) SBM+AP
Milk yield(Kg/d)
15.47 15.65 14.62 14.92
Milk energy yield(Mcal/d)
14.30 14.61 13.48 14.04
DMI(Kg)/Kg milk yield
1 0.98 1.08 1.04
DMI(Kg)/kg FCM yieid
0.94 0.92 1.05 0.96
Gross protein efficiency,%
33.20 34.40 33.01 34.93
Gross energetic efficiency,%
31.44 32.14 27.02 32.86
( Thirumeignanam,2010)C= control,AP= 3% Acacia pod tannin
ParametersT1 - 0 % tannin(Without Babul
pods)
T2 - 3 % tannin Babul pods (16.7
%)Body weight, kg 389.16 368.05
DMI, kg/d 13.27 13.32
4 % FCM yield, kg/d 12.29 13.41**
Milk yield, kg/d 11.75 12.95**
DMI/kg MY 1.04 0.91*
Protein utilization efficiency(%)
31.86 33.89*
** HS, * S (Dubey, 2007)
No change in milk composition between two groups
Effect of Acacia nilotica pods on DMI, Milk yield and its efficiency in Crossbred Cows
26
Average body weight, body weight gain and linear body measurements of experimental preweaned lambs
Ingredients and proximate composition of experimental feeds and fodders
( Trivedi et al.2005)
27
Cost of rearing and realizable receipts from lambs under different feeding regimes
( Trivedi et al.,2005)
28
Detoxification of Tannin
Physical, chemical and biological treatments have been explored
to detoxify tannins
Treatment of babul pods with Ca(OH)2 enhanced the
degradation of tannins to the extent of more than 80% which
improved the utilization of the tannins containing materials.
(Aemiro,2002)
Detoxification of tannin
Ingredients composition of the concentrate mixture used for feeding
30
Effect of feeding different TMRs on digestible nutrients intake by lactating goats
( ( Kushwaha et.al.,2011)
Effect of different TMRs on nutrient digestibility in lactating goats
31
Effect of different TMRs on Feed conversion, energy and protein utilization efficiency in lactating goats
( ( Kushwaha et.al.,2011)
PEG prevent the formation of tannin-protein complexes
thus alleviating the deleterious effect of tannin on protein.
(Banerjee, 1998)
PEG is known to break already formed tannin-protein
complexes,as their affinity for tannins is higher than for
proteins.
(Makkar , 2003)
Tannins could be removed by addition of certain
adsorbants, such as PVP and PEG to which it bind more
strongly than proteins. (Loomis, 1974)
Inactivation of tannins through PEG increased availability
of nutrients and decreased microbial inhibition, which in
turn increased degradability of nutrients leading to higher
animal performance.
(Makkar, 2003)
Hydrogen bond
• Tannins at low concentration are known to alter rumen fermentation
(Bhatta et al., 2000; Barman and Rai, 2006),
microbial protein synthesis (Makkar et al., 1995a),
essential amino acids absorption (Waghorn et al., 1987; Min et al., 1999)
reproduction (Min et al., 1999, 2000,2001; Luque et al., 2000)
35
Threshold level of tannin in feedThreshold level of tannin in feed
Species %Tannic acid Reference
Growing calves 4 Barman and Rai, 2004
lactating cows 3 Dubey, 2007
Cattle 3-5 Begovic et al.,1998
lactating goats 4 Merga, 2006
Sheep 2-4 Mcsweeney et al., 2003
Poultry 0.5-3 Smith et al., 2001
Rat 1-2 Smith et al., 2001
conclusion
Acacia nilotica pods can be used as organic protectant of protein from rumen degradation
Acacia nilotica pods at the rate of 3-4% tannin equivalent diet can be added
Beyond threshold level, it reduces feed intake, Beyond threshold level, it reduces feed intake, digestibility of various nutrients, milk production and digestibility of various nutrients, milk production and also produce diseases like liver necrosis, degeneration also produce diseases like liver necrosis, degeneration of renal tubules etc in cattleof renal tubules etc in cattle
It has neutraceutical properities due to metabolic It has neutraceutical properities due to metabolic products of tanninproducts of tannin
37
38
top related