back and ab (part 1) 1

+

ESS 3092: KINESIOLOGY Week 6

2

+ Back and Abdomen

+Shoulder Girdle - Posterior

Trapezius

Rhomboid major & minor

Levator Scapulae

TrapeziusOrigin spinous process (T), skull

Insertion lateral clavicle, acromion

process, scapular spine

Location posterior

Movements elevation (upper &

middle), depression (lower) retraction (adduction) upward rotation (middle &

lower)

p. 66

Rhomboid Major & Minor

Origin spinous process (C7, T1-

5)

Insertion medial border of scapula

Location posterior/medial

Movements downward rotation elevation retraction

p. 69

Levator Scapulae

Origin transverse processes

(C)

Insertion Superior angle of

scapula

Location posterior

Movements elevation (primary)

retraction, downward rotation (assists)

p. 68

+Trunk & Spinal Column

Chapter 12

Bones & bony landmarks

Joint Structure

Movements

Muscles surrounding the joint

+Vertebral Column

One of most complex parts protects spinal cord

24 articulating vertebrae

5 regoins 4 curves; support

+Curves

absorption of shock

Cervical support head

Thoracic present at birth

Lumbar develops: wt bearing

Sacrococcygeal fused

Posterior Convex

Bony Landmarks

spinous process transverse processbodyodontoid

process/dens skeleton

superior & inferior articular process

C

T

L

Thoracic Cavity RIBS

true (7)

false (5)

floating (2)

costal cartilage

STERNUM

manubrium

body costal facets

xiphoid process

Key Bony Landmarks

Neck muscles Mastoid process Cervical (spinous & transverse) Thoracic (spinous & transverse) Manubrium Clavicle (medial)

Posterior spine muscles Cervical (spinous & transverse) Thoracic (spinous & transverse) Posterior ribs

Anterior trunk muscles Xiphoid process Ribs Costal cartilage (ribs) Iliac & pubic crest

+ Vertebral ColumnCervical Joints

Atlanto-occipital Occipital condyles, 1st vertebrae Flexion, extension (sag)

Atlanto-axial Atlas (C1), axis (C2) Rotation

Pivot-joint Most mobile

Odontoid Process

VERTEBRAL COLUMN Joints

Articulation b/w vertebral bodiesAnterior segment

Vertebral bodies (cartilaginous) Intervertebral disc

Posterior segment (gliding) Transverse & spinous processes Intervertebral joints

T L

+Intervertebral Disc

Bears & distributes load

Mobility

Nucleus pulposus 75-90% water

+ Vertebral Movement

Greatest mobility one curve ends then next begins

Exaggerated curve (vs flat & rigid) increased mobility flat back – loss of lumbar lordosis

Cervical & lumbar most mobile

+Vertebral Movement

18

Layers of the Intrinsic Back Muscles Superficial Layer

Both Splenius muscles

Intermediate Layer Erector Spinae (bilateral

and ipsilateral action) Designated by region

from medial to lateral Designated by insertion

Deep Layer Interconnect and stabilize

the vertebra Small muscles that make

fine adjustments to vertebra

VERTEBRAL COLUMN Muscles

CERVICAL

LUMBAR

+ Cervical Muscles

Capitis originate C vertebrae insert occipital bone

Anterior- flexors lateral flexion

Posterior – extensors Rotation lateral flexion

+Neck - Cervical

Largest & most powerful Sternocleidomastoid (pg 279) Lateral Splenius- 2 (pg 281) Posterior

SternocleidomastoidOrigin Sternal manubrium,

medial clavicle

Insertion Mastoid process of

temporal bone

Location: Lateral

Movements Flexion Lateral (ipsilateral)

flexion Rotation

(contralateral)

Splenius CapitisOrigin (inferior)

Spinous process of C7-T4

Insertion Mastoid process & occipital bone

Location: Posterior

Movements Cervical Spine: Extension Ipsilateral rotation, ipsilateral

flexion

24+Splenius Capitis

Synergist: Semispinalis capitis and cervicis, Splenius cervicis, Spinalis cervicis, Interspinales, Longissimus cervicis, Iliocostalis cervicis

Antagonist: Sternocleidomastoid and others

25+Splenius Cervicis

O: Lig nuchae (T3-T6)

I: Transverse process of C1-C4

Location: Posterior

Movements Cervical Spine: Extension Ipsilateral rotation, ipsilateral flexion

Synergist: Semispinalis capitis Spinalis

cervicis, Interspinales

Antagonist: Sternocleidomastoid and others 

Semispinalis

Origin Transverse processes of

C4-T7

Insertion Occipital bone

Location: Posterior

Movements Cervical Spine:

Extension Contralateral rotation

Trunk - Lumbar

Anterior Rectus Abdominis External Oblique Internal Oblique

Posterior Erector Spinae

+ 29

Divisions of the sacrospinalis (aka Erector spinae)

Lateral Column. Intermediate Column. Medial Column. Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis. (a) I. lumborum. (a) L. dorsi. (a) S. dorsi. (b) I. dorsi. (b) L. cervicis. (b) S. cervicis. (c) I. cervicis. (c) L. capitis. (c) S. capitis.

Erector Spinae (sacrospinalis)

Origin Sacrum, spinous

processes of lower two thoracic & all lumbar

Insertion Transverse and spinous

processes as well as ribs and skull

Location: Posterior

Movements (spine) Extension (C & L) Ipsilateral flexion

(C & L)

Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis

+Erector Spinae

Muscle is thickest in S & L regions most movement

Controls forward flexion

Extension of trunk

Posterior stability posture

Rectus AbdominisOrigin

Pubic crest

Insertion Cartilage of ribs 5-

7, xiphoid process

Location: anterior

Movements (LS) Trunk flexion

Rectus Abdominis

Controls Post pelvic tilt &

curvature LS Flattens lower back What effect does this have

on erector spinae & hip flexors? more effective

Definition 3 depressions

area of tendinous connective tissue

External ObliqueOrigin

Lateral side of ribs 5-12

Insertion Anterior iliac crest,

pubic crest

Location: Lateral/Anterior

Movements Flexion (together) Ipsilateral flexion Contralateral rotation

(independently)

Internal ObliqueOrigin

Anterior iliac crest and inguinal ligament

Insertion Cartilage of ribs 8-

10 and linea alba

Location: anterior/medial

Movements Flexion Ipsilateral flexion Fiber direction

36+Internal Obliques

37+What functions do the anterior trunk muscles play?

In what order from superficial to deep are these layers?

Functions: Flexion (forward and lateral) Rotation

38+Transverse abdominus

39+Transverse abdominis

Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, lower 6 ribs, iliac crest

Insertion: Pubis, abdominal aponeurosis

Functions: Forced expiration Spinal stabilization Compression of abdominal viscera Expulsion of abdominal contents, including but not limited

to babies!

40+Exercise

Find: Acromian Process

Cocochoid process

Greater tubercle

Medial and lateral epicondyles

Spine of scapula

Inferior angle of scapula

Iliac crest

C7 and L1