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School of e-Education - hbmeu.ac.ae 1
teaching, design, and qualityshif t ing paradigms in education, from craf tmanship to industry
b e s t p r a c t i c e s i n m a n a g e m e n t , d e s i g n a n d d e v e l o p m e n t o f e - c o u r s e ss
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a lain senteni | dean | school of e-education | hbmeu | dubai
Sunday, May 26, 13
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In this talk, I will try to answer a few questions raised in the title of this conference, about :
the need for the education field to scale up
design as a new keyword in education
quality criteria for e-contents and online courses
research trends in educational technology innovation
Sunday, May 26, 13
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The size of each territory shows the relative proportion of the world's population living there.
http://www.worldmapper.org/index.htmlSunday, May 26, 13
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Territory size is proportional to the number of all children enrolled in primary education in that territory.
primary education
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Territory size is proportional to the number of all children enrolled in secondary education in that territory.
secondary education
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tertiary education
Territory size shows the proportion of people worldwide enrolled in tertiary education, who live there.
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h t t p : / / w w w . g r o s s o s . c h / e / c r a f t s m a n s h i p . h t m l
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Access
QualityCost hand madecustomizedhigh quality & costreputationlimited production
Sunday, May 26, 13
10http://tf4c.skynetblogs.be/archive/2010/01/29/chaine-de-montage.html
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Access Quality
Cost
assembly chaindivision of laborlower costmass productionspecializationquality assurancemarketing
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what happens when scaling up from craftmanship to an industry ?
transformation
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borrowed to Sir Ken Robinson on TED: Changing Education Paradigmshttp://www.ted.com/talks/ken_robinson_changing_education_paradigms.html
transformation
ODL
what happens when scaling up from craftmanship to an industry ?
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ODLwhy scale up ?
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Among1.5 billion people living in the Arab Gulf neighbourhood, more than 50% are under the age of 25.
Some 80 million young people in the Arab world are seeking jobs.
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demography
why does education need to expand ?
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”the challenge is to transform a centralized bureaucratic system
into a student-centred, decentralized learning environment.”
UAE National Media Council Yearbook 2009
culture
why does education need to expand ?
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How to secure broad access and high quality while reducing costs ?
economy
Economic pressures and new models of education are bringing unprecedented competition to the traditional models of tertiary education.
The global drive to increase the number of students participating in undergraduate education is placing pressure across the system.
why does education need to expand ?
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How to support learning and knowledge emergence, beyond the borders of traditional systems of education?
What pedagogies will help passive learners to become active knowledge producers ?
creativity?leadership?entrepreuneurship?
pedagogywhy does education need to expand ?
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Traditional systems of education cater mainly for level 1
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Logical Categories of Learning and Communication
pedagogy
Gregory Bateson
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Leadership and entrepreuneurship
require more of levels 2 and 3
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pedagogy
Gregory Bateson
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http://www.theglasgowstory.com/images/TGSD00148_m.jpg
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D E S I G N !
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School of e-Education - hbmeu.ac.ae 24
cc. by. sa. McNaught (2011) eLEX
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Conole, Grainne (2010) What would learning in an open world look like? A vision for the future In: Edmedia Conference 2010, 29 June - 3 July 2010, Toronto, Canada.
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Learning Design & Open Practices
http://www.educause.edu/Resources/BeyondOERShiftingFocustoOpenEd/224619 HE
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Like other design professionals (e.g. architects, engineers) teachers have to work out creative and evidence-based ways of improving what they do.
Every day, teachers design and test new ways of teaching, using learning technology to help their students.
By representing and communicating their best ideas as structured pedagogical patterns, teachers could develop this vital professional knowledge collectively.
From this unique perspective on the nature of teaching, Diana Laurillard argues that a twenty-first century education system needs teachers who work collaboratively to design effective and innovative teaching.
Laurillard, D. (2012) Teaching as a Design Science: Building Pedagogical Patterns for Learning and Technology - New York/London: Routledge, 258 pp
teaching is becoming a design science
Sunday, May 26, 13
Diana Laurillard, Sept 2012 cc: by-nc-sa
Innovative professional learning communities of teachers
Acknowledge teaching as ‘a design science’:• Teachers building on the designs of others (collaboration)• Articulating their pedagogy• Adopting, adapting, testing, improving learning designs• Co-creating and sharing learning designs• A computational representation of pedagogic design
K12
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Diana Laurillard, Sept 2012 cc: by-nc-sa
pedagogy expressed as design plans and learning patterns
Timings
Short description
Learning outcome Colour-coded
content
Categorised teaching-learning
activities
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Q U A L I T Y C R I T E R I A O F E - L E A R N I N G
C O N T E N T S
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e-contents are the spare parts in the assembly line of the
instructional design process
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India PanAfrican Network (2005)
MIT OCW (2001)
(1st phase)
(ACEP - 2nd phase)
TTISSA
i n c r e a s e d s u s t a i n a b i l i t y
3rd generation [process driven, learning as knowledge creation]
2nd generation [content driven, knowledge as a readymade product]
1st generation [technology driven]
some lessons learnt in the last 20 years
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3rd generation [process driven] Knowledge as a dynamic processLearning as knowledge creation
2nd generation [content driven] Knowledge as a product
online courses development,from a content-driven approach to a process driven oneincreased sustainability
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technology pedagogy
contents
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explicit links between pedagogy and the technology that is used
http://edorigami.wikispaces.com/Bloom%27s+Digital+Taxonomy
http://www.unity.net.au/allansportfolio/edublog/?p=324
HOTSHigher Order Thinking Skills
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passive recipients of the teacher’s
knowledge
top-down transmission
traditional curriculum
bottom-up participation
user-generated content
proactive knowledge
builders
WIKIs Web 2.0
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high quality
traditional curriculum
user-generated content
WIKIs Web 2.0
?????
poor quality
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passive recipients of the teacher’s
knowledge
proactive knowledge
builders
We want e-contents that will contribute to turn passive learners into proactive knowledge builders
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socioconstructivism(Lev Vygotski)
constructivism(Jean Piaget)
situated cognition(J. Lave, E. Wenger)
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We want QA and accreditation frameworks allowing to validate user-generated e-contents and integrate them into academic programs.
traditional curriculum
user-generated content
WIKIs Web 2.0
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We want a mix of high quality e-contents AND user-generated dynamic contents
AND reliable e-learning materials AND engaging activities.
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We want e-contents that can be recycled, so that we do not need to re-invent the wheel all the time.
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OER integration
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(Schneider, 2003)
We want e-contents blending traditional perspectives and socioconstructivism.
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http://www.uwlax.edu/faculty/kosiak/projects/index.html
should we make e-contents become learning objects ?
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categorize
classify
categorize
store
retrieve
reuse
learning objects
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Learning objects (LOs) facilitate the (re)-use of educational content online.
Internationally accepted specifications and standards make them interoperable and reusable by different applications and in diverse learning environments.
Metadata (tags, index) describe them, facilitate search and make them accessible.
Why Learning Objects ?
interoperable (thanks to standards) reusable (thanks to CC, OER, etc)easy to retrieve (thanks to metadata)
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Quality CriteriaPedagogical QualityContent clarity and conciseness, instructional strategies aligned to the learning objectives, appropriate media according to target audience, etc…
Ergonomy User-friendliness, motivating, visually attractive, built-in accessibility features, etc..
Interoperability, reusability Technical independence and robustness, metadata schema and tagging procedures, conformance to standards
Karin Lundgren-Cayrol, Suzanne Lapointe, Gilbert Paquette, LICEF, TÉLUQ - UQAM
Sunday, May 26, 13
>>>LIFE-CYCLE ? >>>
expensive
long life-cycle
e.g. in line with course or program
review cyclemedium life-cyclee.g. semester
short life-cyclee.g. class
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using
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Learning Objects
storing integrating
manufacturing
re-usingcustomizingre-purposing
eContents management[ HBMeU Case Study ]
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re-using
http://repository.hbmeu.ac.ae/lor/access/searching.do
“Learning objects are THE MAIN course mater ial , not simply addit ional support for se lf-study.”
Sunday, May 26, 13
LOs’ rolesimilar to
digital text-books
Reference documents semester-wise [syllabus, timetable, outcome-assessment maps, etc]
[Selected LOs + User Generated Contents]
Context will be embedded THERE
long in line with course/program review cycle
short semester LIFE-CYCLE
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Equella search engines
low level close set of questions,
fully automated
discussion forums, wikis, blogs, etc
high levelopen-ended questionshuman interaction
interactivity
tools
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Open Educational Resources (OER)
are defined as “technology- enabled,
open provision of educational
resources for consultation, use and
adaptation by a community of
users for non-commercial
purposes.”
OERs
OERs
OERs
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R E S E A R C H T R E N D S
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School of e-Education - hbmeu.ac.ae 59
Computers as we know them are in the process of a massive reinvention because we increasingly expect media to be touchable and interactive.
Increasingly, students want to use their own technology for learning.
Lecture capture, podcasting, and cheap personal video recorders increasingly make it much easier to prepare lecture-style content for students to see/hear before coming to class.
The technologies we use are increasingly cloud-based, and our notions of IT support are decentralized.
Key Trends [Technology]
A second ‘big issue’ that has come of age is thus higher education virtualization, with mobile technology and innovative learning gaining more solid ground as social sharing processes continue to make education inroads in 2011.
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Dr. Larry Johnson, CEO of the New Media Consortium : “devices becoming more mobile, more connected, smaller, faster and more capable, so easy to use [...] natural user interfaces [...] children can use before they can even speak. ”
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Marshall McLuhan
the medium is the message ?
M. McLuhan(1964) Understanding Media
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Fake interview with Marshall McLuhan (1911-1980) published in WIRED by Gary Wolf http://www.v2.nl/archive/articles/marshall-mcluhan-interview-2013-1996
ubiquity
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worldmapper
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School of e-Education - hbmeu.ac.ae 64
The abundance of resources and relationships made easily accessible via the Internet is increasingly challenging us to revisit our roles as educators. Education paradigms are shifting to include online learning, hybrid learning and collaborative models.People expect to be able to work, learn, and study whenever and wherever they want to.There is a new emphasis in the classroom on more challenge-based active learning.The world of work is increasingly collaborative, driving changes in the way student projects are structured.
Key Trends [Pedagogy]
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http://sidecap.wetpaint.com/
http://sidecap.wetpaint.com/
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ACP-EU Cooperation Programme in Higher Education (EDULINK) 2007-2010.
Staff Improvement in Distance Education for Caribbean, African and Pacific universities
example
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1. Identify the main generic headings for course content
(key topics for discussion and learning)
2. Search for relevant
resources that can be re-used
for these headings
3. Write ‘wrap-around’ materials that contextualise
and support the learning resources
4. Add your new materials to the common
pool (if required)
5. Select the format for
sharing (wiki etc)
✓ the process of repurposing in course design
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Key Trends [business models]
PRIVATISATION
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Massively Open Online Course (MOOCs)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW3gMGqcZQc
http://cck11.mooc.ca/
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School of e-Education - hbmeu.ac.ae 69
https://www.coursera.org/
Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs)
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School of e-Education - hbmeu.ac.ae 70
Massive Open Online Course (MOOCs)
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H B M e U C o n g re s s
6 t h e - L e a r n i n g C o n f e r e n c e
[ D u b a i , 7 - 9 M a r c h 2 014 ]
Leading Transformation to Sustainable Excellence
Leadership, design and technology for XXIst century learning
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School of e-Education - hbmeu.ac.ae 72Sunday, May 26, 13
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thank you for your kind attention
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