balancing national security and commerce
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8/8/2019 Balancing National Security and Commerce
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Balancing National
Security and Commerce
Information politics in thenew transatlantic agenda
Henry Farrell
Assistant Professor
Elliott School of International Affairs
George Washington University
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© 2008 Te German Marshall Fund o the United States. All rights reserved.
No part o this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any orm or by any means without permission
in writing rom the German Marshall Fund o the United States (GMF). Please direct inquiries to:
Te German Marshall Fund o the United States
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1 202 745 3950
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E ino@gmus.org
Tis publication can be downloaded or ree at http://www.gmus.org/publications/index.cm. Limited print
copies are also available. o request a copy, send an e-mail to ino@gmus.org.
GMF Paper Series
Te GMF Paper Series presents research on a variety o transatlantic topics by sta, ellows, and partners o theGerman Marshall Fund o the United States. Te views expressed here are those o the author and do not neces-
sarily represent the view o GMF. Comments rom readers are welcome; reply to the mailing address above or by
e-mail to ino@gmus.org.
About GMF
Te German Marshall Fund o the United States (GMF) is a non-partisan American public policy and grant-
making institution dedicated to promoting greater cooperation and understanding between the United States
and Europe.
GMF does this by supporting individuals and institutions working on transatlantic issues, by convening leaders
to discuss the most pressing transatlantic themes, and by examining ways in which transatlantic cooperation can
address a variety o global policy challenges. In addition, GMF supports a number o initiatives to strengthendemocracies.
Founded in 1972 through a gi rom Germany as a permanent memorial to Marshall Plan assistance, GMF
maintains a strong presence on both sides o the Atlantic. In addition to its headquarters in Washington, DC,
GMF has seven ofces in Europe: Berlin, Bratislava, Paris, Brussels, Belgrade, Ankara, and Bucharest.
8/8/2019 Balancing National Security and Commerce
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Balancing National Security and Commerce
Information politics in the new transatlantic agenda
A Report to the German Marshall Fund of the United States
March 2008
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1 For further discussion of the Safe Harbor arrangement and itsnegotiation, see Henry Farrell, “Constructing the InternationalFoundations of E-Commerce: The EU–U.S. Safe Harbor Ar-rangement,” International Organization57, 2: 277-306, 2003.
Introduction
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New Problems, New Approaches
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3 Henry Farrell, “Privacy in Europe Suffers in Terror War,” TheFinancial Times op-ed page, July 2, 2006.
4 “Agreement between the European Union and the United Statesof America on the Processing and Transfer of Passenger NameRecord (PNR) Data by Air Carriers to the United States Depart-ment of Homeland Security (DHS) (2007 PNR Agreement,”Official Journal of the European Union L204/18, August 4, 2007.
5 Commission Staff Working Document: Proposal for a CouncilFramework Decision on the Use of Passenger Name Record (PNR) for Law Enforcement Purposes: Summary of the Impact
Assessment , COM (2007) 654 Final, available at http://www.statewatch.org/news/2007/nov/eu-com-pnr-ia-summary-sec-1422.pdf.
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For analysis of the first part of the PNR negotiations, see Dor-othee Heisenberg, Negotiating Privacy: The European Union,the United States and Personal Data Protection, Boulder: LynneRiener, 2005.
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Balancing National Security and Commerce 5
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6 Eric Lichtbau and James Risen, “Bank Data is Sifted by U.S.in Secret to Block Terror,” The New York Times (June 23, 2006);Dan Bilefsky, “Data Transfer Broke Rules, Report Says,” The
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7 Article 29 Data Protection Working Party 01935/06/EN WP128 Opinion 10/2006 on the Processing of Personal Data by the
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Department of the Treasure, Office of Foreign Assets Control,“Notice: Publication of U.S./EU Exchange of Letters and Ter-rorist Finance Tracking Program Representations of the UnitedStates Department of the Treasury,” Federal Register 72, 204,60054 (October 23, 2007).
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1 Stuart E. Eizenstat, Grant D. Aldonas and Frances G. Bur-well, Transatlantic Leadership for a New Global Economy, TheAtlantic Council of the United States, Washington, DC 2007.
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Balancing National Security and Commerce 13
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1 Abraham Newman, Transatlantic Cooperation and Conflict over Data Privacy Rules: Lessons for International Market
Regulation, Washington, DC: The German Marshall Fund of theUnited States, 2007.
13 Francesca E. Bignami, “European versus American Liberty:A Comparative Privacy Analysis of Antiterrorism Data Mining,”
Boston College Law Review, 48:609-698, 2007.
Changes to Domestic Structures
in the United States6
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Cumsan hendio
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vullandio odo
The German Marshall Fund of the United States14
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tionseq uipsum
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Balancing National Security and Commerce 15
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Conclusions
7
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