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Barilla Experience Sustainable Diets & Sustainable Durum Wheat FarmingLuca Ruini – HSE&E Director Parma 6/6/2012
2Agenda - For an Healthy & Green Economy
Sustainable Diets&
BCFN Double Pyramid
Sustainable Grains
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THE CURRENT PARADOXES ON FOOD AND NUTRITION
Source: BCFN elaboration based on OECD/FAO 2011; WHO 2010; GLOBAL FOOTPRINT NETWORK 2012
Barilla Center for Food and Nutrition
Double Pyramid
Publications
Stakeholders Engagement
Institutions, Experts, Society
Flagship
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
Starting from the Nutrition PyramidThe starting point is the Nutrition Pyramid, which is divided into six sections that scale downwards to contain each nutritional food group.
Source: Ministry for Health of Italy Source: Oldways (www.oldwayspt.org)
The BCFN Double Pyramid
Life Cycle Thinking Approch Footprint Measures Measures
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
Water Footprint measures water consumption in terms ofVolume employed (evaporated) and/or polluted per unit of timethroughout overall life-cycle.
(www.waterfootprint.org)Ecological Footprint is a measure of the number of land or maritimeplots necessary to regenerate the resources consumedand absorb the waste produced by human settle-ments or a single human activity, employing measures of dominant resource and technologymanagement.
Carbon Footprint represents the total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emitted either directly or indirectly by human activity throughout overalllife-cycle. It is expressed in equivalent tons of CO2
.
PAS 2050:2008
ISO 14064:2006
Life Cycle Assessment & Footprint KPI
Environmental Pyramid: Water Footprint
Environmental Pyramid: Carbon Footprint
Environmental Pyramid: Ecological Footprint
The BCFN Double Pyramid
The Ecological Footprint of a rich-of-
meat menu is about 6.500 Co2 eq
The Ecological Footprint of a more
vegetarian menu is about 2.100 CO2 eq
Fight Climate Change adopting Smart Green Diets
x3 1/3
LCA Chef Tool developed > 900 recipes
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
2 - BARILLA – EPD Pasta di Semola
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
LCA OF PASTA
The LCA application permits the evaluation of the product “footprint”. The example related to pasta is shown below.
1 – Introduction
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
FARMING BARILLA 2010 – THEORICAL STUDYTheorical study on durum wheat cultivation in Italy.Evaluation of environmental impacts and of overall efficiency through the use of
economic, social and environmental sustainability indicators.
FARMING BARILLA 2010-2011 – STUDY ON A SAMPLE OF FARMScope To compare real data from farms with optimal values to obtain sustainable
productions.Results: 1. Rotations reduce environmental impact compared to monoculture.2. A reduction in production costs is possible with a better efficiency in the use of
inputs.
FARMING BARILLA 2011-2012 – SUSTAINABILITY IN THE FARMSScope To demonstrate that an accurate planning of crop rotations and the use of a
decision support system could help in being more sustainable, both environmentally and economically.
1 – Introduction
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
THE ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS
2 – Materials and methods
CARBON FOOTPRINT: total amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) generated
by the processes included in the system. It is measured in terms of mass of
CO2 equivalent.
ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT: amount of biologically productive land and water
is required to produce all the resources consumed and to absorb the waste
generated by a system. It is measured in global hectares (gha).
WATER FOOTPRINT: water consumption of a system including direct
consumption, evapotranspiration amount, polluted water. It is measured in
volume of water.
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
THE ECONOMIC, AGRONOMIC AND FOOD SAFETY INDICATORS
NUtE (Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency): is measured as kg or product (grain yield) per kg of plant nitrogen uptake. It is affected by previous crop, type and rate of fertilizers, crop residues, variety and meteorological conditions. NUtE reflects the ability of the plant to transplant the N uptake into grain.
NET INCOME: an indicator for profitability performance. It is the difference between the gross marketable products and the direct costs of cultivation. Net Income = (Gross marketable production * €/t) – Direct costs.
DON INDEX: expression of the cultivation safety aspects related to the possibility of reducing pathology occurrence due to the deoxynivalenolmycotoxin (DON).
NUE (Nitrogen Use Efficiency): is measured as kg of grain product (grain yield) per kg of nitrogen available. It is affected by content of nitrogen in the soil, type and rate of fertilizers used, previous crop residues, variety and meteorological conditions.
Agronomic NUE (Nitrogen Use Efficiency): is measured as kg of grain product (grain yield) per kg of nitrogen applied. It is affected by the type and rate of fertilizers used and its efficiency during crop cultivation.
Carbon sequestration: is the capture of carbon dioxide (CO2). It is a process of removing carbon from atmosphere through photosynthesis and deposing it in the soil as organic matter. Unit of measurement: t of Carbon (total plant biomass)/ha.
2 – Materials and methods
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
13 farms involved
Comparison of two different durum wheat crop management was made:1. Farmer’s usual crop management (with only farmer’s choices and strategies);2. Crop management following the Barilla Handbook through the use of the Decision Support System (DSS) granoduro.net TM
FARMING BARILLA PROJECT 2011-2012
2 – Materials and methods
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
THE TESTED PREVIOUS CROPS 1/2
CEREALS INDUSTRIAL CROPS LEGUMINOUS VEGETABLES
MAIZE SUNFLOWER FABA BEAN TOMATO
SORGHUM RAPESEED CHICKPEA
SOFT WHEAT SUGAR BEET PROTEIC PEA
DURUM WHEAT
3 – Results
The cultivation of durum wheat after several crops was tested. Such previous crops were divided into four groups (cereals, industrial crops, legominous, vegetables). A comparison of the durum wheat cultivated after those crops was made.
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
CARBON FOOTPRINT (t CO2/t durum wheat) and PREVIOUS CROP
b
a
b
ab
a,ab,…= Student‐Newman‐Keuls Test (p=0.05)
Durum wheat after:
3 – Results
A favorable previous crop contribute in reducing significantly the GHG emission (- 36%) compared to an unfavorable one.
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
PRODUCTION COSTS(€/t durum wheat) and PREVIOUS CROP
b
a
b
ab
a,ab,…= Student‐Newman‐Keuls Test (p=0.05)
A favorable previous crops contribute in reducing significantly production costs (- 31%) compared to an unfavorable one
Durum wheat after:
3 – Results
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
YIELD (t durum wheat/ha) and PREVIOUS CROP
a,ab,…= Student‐Newman‐Keuls Test (p=0.05)
A favorable previous crop contribute in obtaining a significantly higher yeld (+20%) compared to an unfavorable one.
Durum wheat after:
3 – Results
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
Durum wheat cultivation – Environmental impacts evaluation 29th May 2012
GRANODURO.NET
The decision support system (DSS) granoduro.net was given to the farmers to help them follow the suggestions of the Barilla Handbook for the sustainable cultivation of high quality durum wheat in Italy.
granoduro.net is a web service, developed by an University Spin off Horta S.r.l, that integrates information on weather patterns, soil conditions and varietal characteristics in a clear and user-friendly decision support system.
A holistic vision of wheat cultivation problems: the DSS takes into account and provides decision supports for all the key elements of the production chain, from strategic choices to tactical operations. Through granoduro.net a farmer can manage all tactical farmer decisions in order to optimize seeding, fertilization, weed control and disease management.
The DSS provides also information on: nowcasting and forecast weather conditions and crop growth and development.
5 – Annexes
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
The use of granoduro.net contribute in reducing carbon footprint (-10%)
CARBON FOOTPRINT (t CO2/t durum wheat) and GRANODURO.NET
3 – Results
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
granoduro.net contribute to the riduction of production costs specially in case of favorable or neutral previous crop (- 10%)
PRODUCTION COSTS (€/t durum wheat) and GRANODURO.NET
3 – Results
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
The use of granoduro.net contribute to:
1. a reduction in direct costs of production (- 10% = - 15 €/ton);
2. a reduction in Carbon footprint (- 10% CO2 = - 0,12 ton CO2/ton);
3. an increasing in nitrogen use efficiency;
4. maintain high yields.
A favorable crop rotation contribute to:
1. a reduction in production costs (- 31% = - 57 €/ton);
2. a reduction in the consumption of fuels;
3. a reduction in Carbon footprint (- 36% CO2 = - 0,21 ton CO2/ton);
4. an increasing in nitrogen use efficiency;
5. an increasing in yields (+20%).
CROP ROTATION
GRANODURO.NET
4 – Farming Barilla Conclusions
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
These studies allow the achievement of:
• an increased awareness of the impact of the agricultural factors on productivity;
• greater conviction about the real possibility of reducing the environmental impact and
the costs of production;
• greater knowledge of techniques, tools and strategies to be adopted to obtain a more
sustainable production of durum wheat.
The sustainable durum wheat project is going on. The sample involved in the last crop
year will be supplemented with new farms situated in initially not considered areas.
CROP YEAR 2012-2013
4 – Conclusions
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Sustainable durum wheat in Italy - Farming Barilla 2010/13
Campi Aperti (Open fileds)
Parma
MacerataSiena
Foggia
Ancona
Ferrara
Parma
MacerataSiena
Foggia
Ancona
Ferrara
Barilla Sustainable Grains Project
2011 2012 2013 2014Farmers test 15 100 500Durum 10kt 50kt
‐210kg Co2eq/t‐ 57 €/t
Study results confirmed
Country Cereal Technical Partner
Italy Durum wheat Horta
Germany Soft wheat LFL ‐ Bavarian State Research Center for Agriculture
Greece Durum wheat University of Thessaly
France Soft wheat, durum wheat AxerealTurkey Durum wheat University of Sanliurfa
Sweden Rye Lantmannen
Canada Durum wheat CWB
USA Durum wheat Sustainability Consortium (tbc)
Durum Wheat in Italy
2012 www projects
Production, abandonment & sustainability in the Italian territories for cereal cultivation
GoalsEvaluation of agro‐industrial strategies to reduce abandonment of marginal areas improving sustainability through Barilla Sustainable Farming
Case StudyEmilia Romagna – (Parma & Bologna) Marche – (Macerata & Ancona)Puglia – (Foggia & Bari)
Example of area of interest for the application of
Barilla Sustainable Farming Zona interesse “produttivo”
Zona interesse “sociale”
Source: elaboration from ISTAT:- Agricultural Census;-Population Census;
Per info:Luca.ruini@barilla.come.blasi@unitus.it
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