baroque and rococo
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Baroque And Rococo
Baroque in Italy and GermanyBasic History
Artists are highly competent at drawing and painting the human figure from every possible angle.
Artists delighted in the theatrical and extravagant.
In Italy it came about under the patronage of the Catholic Church.
In Germany it is seen in its churches (very exuberant and festive).
Bernini Most influential artist of this time. A Renaissance Man: sculptor, painter,
architect, stage designer, dramatist and composer.
His work surrounds St. Peter’s in Rome. Piazza and Colonnade of St. Peter’s
Trapezoidal plaza in front of the basilica’s façade.
Opens to a huge oval area framed by massive Doric columns.
In the center stands an Egyptian obelisk. Classic style, but the curves make it Baroque.
Bernini
Ecstasy of Saint Theresa Captures the Baroque spirit. Commemorates a mystical
event involving Saint Theresa.
She floats on a marble cloud that seems to suspend in the air.
Rays of bronze shower down from the ceiling.
Enhanced the sensation of light by including a hidden window to let in real light.
Caravaggio The first giant of Baroque. Was considered a rebel against
conventional society. Focused solely on painting Shocked his patrons by placing
his religious figures in very common, earthly settings.
Created intense drama with naturalism, intense value contrasts and hard-edged painting.
A master of foreshortening, color, light, drama, and still life's.
Used tenebrism – the exaggerated contrast of darks and lights.
Artemisia Gentileschi Followed the style of
Caravaggio Taught by her father and
other important artists. Judith and Maidservant
with the Head of Holofernes Focuses on the escape from
enemy camp, not the killing. Candle is single source of
light, creating deep shadows and brilliant lights.
Dominikus Zimmerman German architect Die Wies
Exterior is plain and influenced by Italian buildings. Interior is a sudden burst of heavenly energy. Color and light combine with swirling decoration causing visual
movement. White walls and gold decoration seem to reflect the brilliance of
the sun.
Baroque in FranceBasic History
Paris began to take over the role of the capitol of the arts.
Louis XIV sets the tone for the arts in France. They favor a more balanced and Classical
Baroque style.
Nicolas Poussin Stressed to elimination of
unnecessary detail and put emphasis on composition, balance and other Classical qualities.
Often constructed a model stage filled with wax figures.
Felt his subject matter should be grand, heroic or divine.
Holy Family on the Steps The subject is divine. The setting is classical. The composition is triangle
and perfectly calculated.
Versailles
Europe’s greatest palace. Originally a symbol of the glory of the king, but later
became a symbol of excesses of the monarchy, and helped bring about the French Revolution.
Louis Le Vau began work; Jules-Hardouin Mansart finalized it.
During peak construction, more than 30,000 men and 6,000 horses were needed to build it.
Would cost 10 billion today. Surrounded by formal gardens and a mile-long Grand
Canal.
Versailles Hall of Mirrors
Has 17 large windows overlooking the park The opposite wall holds 17 large mirrors to offset the windows. The ceiling sparkles with light reflected off the elaborate gold
decoration.
Baroque in Flanders and HollandBasic History Paintings are prominent. Rule changed and the church, the court, and
nobility were no longer art patrons. Middle class buying paintings.
Judith Leyster Best-known
female painter in 17th century.
Self-Taught Self-Portrait
Obvious ease in her pose.
Remarkable animation in both the artist and the violinist.
Peter Paul Rubens Produced over 2000 paintings Assistants painted in still life’s, flowers and landscapes. Charged by how much work he did on the painting. His style was one of swirling physical movement,
marvelous color and energetic brushwork. Castle of Steen
His favorite Landscape with broad receding spaces flooded with light.
Peter Paul Rubens Lion Hunt
Violent activity as twisting, turning bodies of horses, lions and humans are intertwined in a complicated knot
Swords and straight lances lead the viewer’s eye back to center. Foreshortening is handled with mastery.
Jan Vermeer Little is known about this artist. Used camera obscura – similar
to a modern camera, a box with a small opening on one side through which an image was transferred in reverse onto the opposite wall.
Woman Holding a Balance Design elements are carefully
planned Focus is on woman, objects are
slightly unfocused. Light coming from window.
Rembrandt Made over 600 paintings, 300 etching, and over
2000 drawings. Painted many self-portraits.
Rembrandt The Shooting Company of
Captain Frans Banning Cocq. Group portrait Foreground figures are life-
size Painting was once brighter but
soot and oxidation of colors darkened the values – often called The Night Watch.
Was originally larger, but someone cut off 3 feet from the left side and a foot off the right to allow it to fit through doors.
This changes the composition and balance of the work.
Baroque in SpainBasic History
Based on developments in Italy and the Netherlands.
Is the “Golden Age” of Spanish painting.
Diego Rodriquez de Silva y Velazquez Painted the family and court of King Phillip IV
Focused on portraiture and what was real.
Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor) Artist is seen in front of a
large canvas. King and Queen reflected
on far wall in mirror. The five-year-old princess
with her two ladies-in-waiting, her favorite dwarfs and large dog.
Spots, patches of color, and light are used to define forms.
RococoBasic History
Emerges and is centered in France. Focuses on lavishness.
Antoine Watteau An artist above all others in
Rococo. Created shimmering surfaces
that sparkle with life. Work in general shows scenes
of elegant society or comedic actors in park like settings.
The Gamut of Love Successive stages of love:
courtship, marriage, and children. Painted an under color with pearly
whites, blues and pinks. Quickly brushed on trees and
background with a thin wash. Added the important figures in
impastos of jewel-like colors.
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