basic of computer

Welcome to Computer world

Prepared By KN.Sandramohan

Computer Resourse Centre

Kilinochchi

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Information Technology

Prepared By: KN.Sandramohan CRC Killinochchi

An electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory unit, that can accept data (input), manipulate the data according to specified rules (process), produce information (output) from the processing, and store the results for future use.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF A COMPUTER

Accuracy

Efficiency

Versatility

Diligence

Storing and retrieving

No intelligence

No feelings

History of Computer• Abacus, which is supposed to be the first machine people used for

mathematical calculations.

Around 1642, a French mathematician called Blaise Pascal invented the adding machine this can be called asPascaline

• A German mathematician called Gottfried Wilhelm improved Pascal’s machine further in around 1674.

• An Englishman called Charles Babbage designed the first model required for a mechanical computer in 1822. It

• was called the “Difference engine”, Later in 1833 he designed “Analytical engine”. The concept of this

• Analytical engine helps to develop the computer later so he is called as the Father of computer.

A friend of Babbage called Ada Augusta Lovelace was keen on preparing programs required for Babbage’s

• engine. She is considered to be the first computer programmer in the world.

Computer Generation

Generation Technology

1 st Generation Vacuum Tube

2 nd Generation Transistor

3 rd Generation IC (Integrated Circuit)

4 th Generation Micro Processors

5 th Generation Artificial Intelligence

DATA AND INFORMATION

Data:-Data are the collection of facts, numbers, letters, images and measurements that are not processed in any mean. These are the raw material for computer processing.

• Eg:- Maths and science marks of a student are 75 and 95 respectively.

• Information:-Information is systematically processed data that gives a comprehensive meaning to the recipient. It can be called as a processed data. It is meaningful.Eg:- Maths and science marks of a student are 75 and 95 respectively. The total marks of that student are 170 and

the average is 85.

BASIC OPERATIONS OF A COMPUTER

Input data and instructions

Process data and instructions

Output information Store data and information

Communicate

Classification of computerSi

ze • Super computer

• Main frame Computer

• Mini Computer

• Micro Computer

logy • Digital

• Analog

• Hybrid

se • General

• Special

HARDWARE

The basic electronic and electro mechanical tangible parts in a computer can be called as hardware. It includes several components.

① Input devices

② Output devices

③ Storage devices

④ Processing devices

⑤ Communication devicesKN.Sandramohan CRC Kilinochchi 15

Liveware

Softwares

Configurations of Computer

Configurations

arts Processors

Hard Disk

Processors

RAM( Random Access Memory)

Hard Disk

HDD SSD

Configurations Processors

P-i,P-ii,P-iii,P-ivDual Core, Core 2 Duoi3,i5,i7( i Series)2nd, 3rd Gen

RamDDRi,DDRii.DDRiii(2GB,4GB,8GB)

Hard disk320GB,500 GB,1024 GB(1 TB)

Operating SystemLinux, Windows 7,Windows 8

MonitorCRT,LCD, LED,OLED

What does a computer do?

• Input

• Process

• Output

• Storage

Processor

Control Unit/Arithmetic Logic

Memory

Storage Devices

Device

Output

Devices

Input Devices

Any hardware component

that allows you to enter

data, programs,

commands, and user

responses into a

computer

Input Devices

1.Keyboard

Multimedia Keyboards

Barcode Reader

Digital Camera

Track ball

Joystick

Scanner

Optical Mark Reader

• The devices used to get the computer

processed data and information out are

considered as output devices. Many

devices are used to output information.

Output Devices

Monitor

Headphone

Punch card reader

Printer

Plotter

Speaker

Woofer

Printers

Speakers

Monitors

Projectors

Monitors

Monitors display the output on the screen. The quality of a monitor is its resolution and the number of colours that it can show.The resolution of the monitor is the number of picture elements which can be indicated separately at a time. Monitors are found in Four basic forms. CRT

Monitors Different

• CRT – Monitors manufactured using Cathode Rays Tube(CRT) technology.

• LCD – Monitors manufactured using Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology.

• LED – Monitors manufactured using Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology.

• OLED – Monitors manufactured using Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) technology.

Advantages of LED Monitors• When comparing monitors designed using Liquid

Crystal Display with monitors designed using Cathode Rays Tube, the following characteristics can be noticed in LCDs

• Less space.

• Very low power consumption.

• Lack of flicker.

• Comparatively expensive.

• More Brightness

Printers

The printer takes a special role among the data output devices. The copies taken from the printer are called hard copies and the copies in the digital format are called soft copies.

Major types of Printers

• Dot matrix- Ribbon

• Inkjet Printers-Ink

• Laser-Toner

Types of Printer

Impact printer

• Printing is done here by hammering an inked ribbon. Due to the hammering the ink which is in the ribbon gets printed on the paper and this draws letters, symbols and figures as required.

Dot matrix printer

• The dot matrix printer is used in most institutions for printing. The advantage of these printers is minimum cost per copy and the ability to get several copies at a time as required using carbon papers. The disadvantages of these printers are the high sound created in printing and the low speed in printing.

Non impact printer

• Various techniques are used here for printing.

Inkjet printer

• These printers are used to take black and white or colour print outs. Liquid ink is stored in the cartridge of these printers and the holes in the cartridge, which are called nozzles, spray ink on the paper in the required way.

Laser printer

Laser printers are operated in the same way a photocopy machine is operated. It uses the laser beams to print. It is very expensive and the copies are very clear than using other printers. This is very noiseless printer.

Storage Devices

Examples

Data sizes

Software

Operating system • The operating system provide an interface for its users

by hiding the complexity of the computer hardware and other software when we activate the computer, the operating system functions automatically, creating the environment necessary for us to use the computer. Perform basic tasks such as recognizing input from keyboard, sending output to the screen. Without operating system a computer would be useless. There are two user interfaces in an operating system. they are,

• GUI – Graphical User Interface

• CLI – Command Line Interface

Functions of an Operating system

• Process management

• Memory management

• Device management

• File management

• Security management

Some Operating system

Windows

Macintosh(Mac)

Linux (Open source)

Mobile Operating Systems

Windows • Ms Dos

• Windows 95

• Windows 98

• Windows ME

• Windows XP

• Windows Vista

• Windows 7

• Windows 8

Macintosh (Mac)

• OSX Leaperd

• OSX Lion 10.8

• OSX Mavericks

Linux (Open source)

• Ubuntu 13.5

• Edu Ubuntu

• Solaris

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