be innovative with copyright
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Be Innovative with Copyright
Introduction to Open Source Business Models
Dr. Haggen So
Released under Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong Licence
Dr. Haggen So
PhD Thesis on Free/Open Source Software (FOSS)
Former Project Manager for Creative Commons Hong Kong
Founder of Hong Kong Creative Open Technology Association
Why Copyright & Licences?
!! No Legal Advice !!
Agenda
Sharing Economy
Intellectual Property & FOSS
Scope of Open Business Models
Software
General Copyrighted Works (CC)
Open Hardware
Conclusion
Sharing Economy
Uber Redefining the Property Boundary of Cars
Airbnb Redefining the Property Boundary of Home
Copyright
All Rights Reserved
Total control over Distribution of Copies
Some Rights Reserved?
Intellectual Property
A Strange Concept
One is Physical, Another One is Non-Material and Non-Rival
Intellectual Property
Intellectual Property
Trademark - Sign that distinguishes a Trader
Patent - protects an Invention Function
Copyright - Rights over distribution of Copies
Richard M. Stallman
http://www.stallman.org/saintignucius.jpg, CC-BY-ND 3.0
General Public License (GPL)
Software must be developed by a community
Source Code must be shared
Contract based on Copyright
I gave up my rights, but you must share!
A Hack on Copyright
Copyleft - All Rights Reversed
Viral
Restrictive
Emphasis on Freedom of Users and Community
Business Use
Employ Binaries
25% VM on Microsoft Azure runs Linux
Avoid Vendor Locking-in
Multiple Vendor investment
Business Use
Include Source Code
Licences may require release of linked code
Permissive Licenses
Permissive Licences
Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD) Licence
Apache Licence
Non-viral, Permissive - can close up one's own copy
Free Software Business Models for Programmers
Programming as a Service
Donation Model
Crowdsourcing Model?
Software Tax
Linus Torvalds and
the Penguin
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Linus_Torvalds.jpeg, CC-BY-SA 3.0http://www.isc.tamu.edu/~lewing/linux/ using the GIMP
The Next Generation
Linus Torvalds, a new comer, building upon the Minix, provided an alternative kernel, Linux, v0.01 release in 1992
Linux was built upon the GNU project and released under GPL
Eric Raymond
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Esr.jpg
The Cathedral and the Bazaar
Planned Economy vs the Market 1997
Coined the term "Open Source"
Capitalistic Explanation/Branding
2nd Follow-up Essay: The Magic Cauldron
Use-Value Funding Models
The Apache Case: Cost-Sharing
The Cisco Case: Risk-Spreading
Indirect Sale-Value Models
Loss-Leader/Market Positioner
Widget Frosting (Hardware Manufacturer)
Give Away the Recipe, Open a Restaurant (Red Hat)
Accessorizing
Free the Future, Sell the Present
Innovation Happens ElsewhereRon Goldman & Richard P. Gabriel
Attracts Innovation outside of the Company
Comprehensive list of reasons to Open up the code
Case StudyVA Research / VA Linux
VA Research / VA Linux PC with pre-installed Linux
VA Linux (NASDAQ:LNUX) offered at $30, highest at $320, first day closed at $239.25
Dot com Boom
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:LNUX.png
Case StudyVA Research / VA Linux
Developed SourceForge (Forerunner of Github)
Acquired Slashdot, Freshmeat, ThinkGeek, etc.
Case StudyVA Software / SourceForge
VA Software / SourceForge - Quit Hardware
SourceForge as the most well-known product SourceForge Enterprise Edition
SourceForge Enterprise Edition eventually sold to Collab.Net
Case StudyWhat's Left?
Geeknet sold everything except ThinkGeek
Current Business Model Accessorizing?
General Copyrighted WorksCreative Commons
Attribution
Non-Commercial
No Derivative Works
Share Alike
Creative Commons6 Licenses
Attribution Non-commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd)
Attribution Non-commercial Share Alike (by-nc-sa)
Attribution Non-commercial
(by-nc)
Attribution No Derivatives
(by-nd)
Attribution Share Alike
(by-sa)
Attribution
(by)
Are FOSS modelsApplicable to Broader Context?
Yochai Benkler, "The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom"
Social Production conditions: Modularity and Granularity
CC Open Business Models
Open Hardware
Beyond Copyright
If the copyright of
the detail drawings
of hardware is Open...
IP Revisit
Trademark - sign that distinguishes a Trader
Patent - protects an invention Function
Copyright - Rights over distribution of Copies
Case StudyLittleBits
Electronic building blocks
Snap together with magnets
Learn Electronics easily
What parts of littleBits products aren't Open Source?
Trademark "LittleBits" & Logos, etc.
Patent - magnetic connectors and system of electrical circuits
Copyright Open up circuit design in between the magnetic connectors
Step 1Use
Software Use Binaries
Creative Commons Learn Attribution
Open Hardware Buy them
Step 2Learn
Learn History of the Movements
Learn Copyright
Learn Intellectual Property
Observe existing Projects
Step 3Open
Open part of the IP of your Organisation
!! Attract Innovation !!
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