bellringer 10/15 what do you think this cartoon is about? what do you think is happening? reminders:...
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Bellringer 10/15• What do you
think this cartoon is about?
• What do you think is happening?
• Reminders: HW #6 on Fri and Lab Fee NOW!
What are cells?The Building Blocks of Life
The cell is the smallest structural unit capable of performing life
functions.
Discovery of Cells
1665- English Scientist, Robert Hooke, discovered cells while looking at a thin slice of cork (bark of tree)
The invention of the microscope
1673- Anton von Leuwenhoek, invented the microscope and observed pond scum and discovered single celled organisms
Where do cells come from?• 1858- Rudolf Virchow, concluded that cells
must come from preexisting cells.
Biogenesis – Life can only be formed from existing life.
The Cell Theory
1. All organisms are composed of one or more cells.
2. The Cell is the smallest working unit of living things.
3. All cells come from pre-existing cells through cell division.
Basic Parts of a Cell
All cells have these structures in common.
1. Nucleus- contains genetic material (DNA)2. Cytoplasm – a semifluid matrix (like the
eggwhite of an egg)3. Plasma membrane – a phospholipid
bilayer- like the shell of an egg4. Organelles- small specialized structures
in the cytoplasm
Prokaryotic Cells
• Do not have a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles
• Few internal structures (organelles)
• Usually one-celled organisms like bacterias
Eukaryotic Cells• They do contain a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles and are more complex.
• May be unicellular or multicellular
1. Plant 2. Animal
BELLRINGER 10/221. ______ Nucleus A. Makes energy (ATP) 2. ______ Cell (Plasma) Membrane
B. Makes protein
3. ______ Mitochondria C. Contains chlorophyll -photosynthesis (makes food)
4. ______ Vacuole D. Support, protect, shape 5. ______ Ribosome E. Control center, contains
DNA 6. ______ Golgi Apparatus F. Storage - bigger plant 7. ______ Cytoplasm G. Like jelly, contains
organelles 8. ______ Lysosome H. Transports, rough or
smooth 9. ______ Cell Wall I. Digests waste 10. ______ Chloroplasts J. Allows things in and out of
cell, surrounds cell 11. ______ Endoplasmic reticulum
K. Packages and ships
Match! Answers only! 5 Minutes! USE YOUR NOTES/BOOK!
Cell Membrane (Animal and Plant)
• Outer membrane boundary of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell
• Double layer with pores (holes)
Cell Wall (Plant)• Most commonly found in plant cells & bacteria• Supports & protects cells• Rigid (tough), outside the cell membrane• Contains cellulose
Nucleus (Plant and Animal) • Directs cell
activities- the brain of the cell
• Separated from cytoplasm by nuclear membrane (envelope)
• Contains chromatin (DNA)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (Animal and Plant)
• Highly folded membrane that produces, transports proteins
• Smooth type: lacks ribosomes
• Rough type: ribosomes embedded in surface
Ribosomes (Plant and Animal)
• Each cell contains thousands
• Make proteins• Found on
ribosomes, nuclear envelope & floating throughout the cell
Mitochondria (Plant and Animal)
• Produces energy (ATP) through chemical reactions
• Highly folded membranes
• Has its own DNA
Golgi Apparatus (Plant and Animal)
• Protein 'packaging plant'
• Move materials within the cell
• Move materials out of the cell
• Flat tube system
Lysosomes (Animal)• Digestive factory and breaks down waste (proteins, fats,
and carbohydrates) with enzymes• Transports undigested material to cell membrane for
removal• Cell breaks down if lysosome explodes
Vacuoles (Plant and Animal)
• Membrane-bound sacs for storage, digestion, and waste removal
• Contains water • Help plants maintain
shape• Many small in
animal, 1 big one in plant cells
Chloroplast (Plant)
• Found in plant cells• Contains chlorophyll
(gives color green to plants)
• Where photosynthesis takes place (plants make own food from light energy)
Centrioles (Animal)
• Only in animal cells • Play role in cell
division (mitosis)• Organize
microtubules in bundles
• Make up the centrosome (near the nucleus)
Cillia and Flagella (Animal and Prokaryotes)
• Mostly in unicellular organisms (animal only) and bacteria • For movement and fluid transport• Cilia = many little hairs on the cell body• Flagella = few/one tail(s)
Cytoskeleton (Plant and Animal)
• Network of rods (microtubule) and filaments (microfilaments)
• Gives cell support, structure and shape• Involved in cell division (mitosis) and transport
The BIG Picture again!QUIZ TIME!!!!
USE THE FOLLOWING SLIDES and your NOTES to answer the following…
1. Identify the cells that follow. 2. Identify 3 organelles that exist in BOTH plant and animal
cells.3. Identify 2 organelles that exist ONLY in an animal cell.4. Identify 2 organelles that exist ONLY in a plant cell.5. What is the difference between cilia and flagella?6. Identify 2 differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
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