bellwork friday, oct. 26 th , 2012
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1. Was Jesus a visionary and a teacher, a magician and a prophet, or a rebel and a revolutionary? Explain your answer.
2. Do you consider the Gospels a primary or secondary source? Why?
3. What are the difficulties with asserting the historicity of Jesus?
4. What do the connections between Jesus and the monomyth tell us about humanity and religion/mythology?
Bellwork Friday, Oct. 26th, 2012
Western CivilizationUniversity High School
The Rise of Christianity
in modern-day Israelruled by King Herod from 37 – 4
BCEunpopular for embracing Greek
cultureHerod was a nasty guy…
Judea
Jews revolt after Herod’s death civil war!
famine, plague, war end of the world?Some predicted the
coming of a Messiah (savior of Israel)
Problems In Judea
Judea put under control of officials who answered directly to the emperorsome officials harsh,
unaccepting of Jewish culture (esp. tax collectors!)
2 Jewish responses…
Rome Steps In & Takes Control
Zealots: extremists who wanted Rome out of Judearefused to pay Roman
taxesmany violent conflicts
with Roman army
Response #1: Zealotry
belief that the Messiah is coming soonliteral belief; most desperate times?Dead Sea Scrolls 972 texts from Hebrew
Bible, Jewish cultures preparing for arrival
Response #2: Apocalypticism
born roughly 7-2 BCEraised in Galileedifficult to separate truth
from fiction
Jesus of Nazareth
primary source (?) of Jesus info: the four Gospels (“good news”) of the New Testamentwritten by Matthew, Mark,
Luke, & Johnrecords of Jesus’ teachings,
doctrinesearliest ones written 75
years after Jesus’ death2006: Gospel of Judas
Iscariot discovered
Jesus of Nazareth
heaven eternal happiness after death
mostly traditional Judaism; claimed to be Messiahnot establishing an
earthly kingdom, but a spiritual one
Jesus’ Teachings
Jesus was controversial!Some loved him. Some hated him.
Some wished he would be more forceful vs. Rome…
Pontius Pilate: Roman prefectconcerned about violence, chaoscondemned Jesus to deathhung from a cross to die
3 days later: Resurrection? (Body stolen?)central tenet of Christianity
(immortality)
The Death of Jesus
Paul of Tarsus: most important figure in turning Christianity from sect/cult to independent religionurged universal
Christianityurged Jews to include
Gentiles (non-Jews) in the faith
Spreading Jesus’ Ideas
Christianity reaches Romecenter of Western
civilized world (literally & metaphorically)
appealed to commoners/poorforgiveness, afterlife,
salvation…being a good Christian
= spreading God’s word
Spreading Jesus’ Ideas
Western CivilizationUniversity High School
2011-12
Augustus’ Successors
Augustus dies in 14 CEJulio-Claudians and
Flaviansthe next wave of Roman
emperors (27 BCE – 96 CE)
some were capable (Tiberius, Claudius)
some less so… (Caligula, Nero)
A Time of Transition
Praetorian Guard:segment of Roman military
established by Augustusimperial bodyguard
41 CE: kills Caligula, declared Claudius emperorSenate agrees (under threat of
force)54 CE: Claudius killed by 4th
wifeallow her son (from previous
marriage), Nero, to take power
Julio-Claudians
64 CE: Great Fire of Romemany believed he
started it to clear room for palace complex
“Nero fiddled while Rome burned”
68 CE: facing rebellion & assassination, Nero commits suicide
Emperor Nero
clan that took control after Julio-Claudians
Vespasianemperor from 69 – 79 CEre-conquered Judea to stop
civil unrestTitus & Domitian
Vespasian’s sons; subsequent emperors
Domitian hated by many (Senate), assassinated
Flavians
96 – 180 CEwise, fair, just emperors
wars were at the frontiers only, generally wonNerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, & Marcus Aurelius
Age of “Five Good Emperors”
emperor from 117 – 138 CEtook over for Trajannoted for building
Hadrian’s Wall
Hadrian
built across Great Britain (begun in 122 CE)marked northern
border of Roman empire
Purposes of the Wall?defenseexpression of Roman
powercontrol over
immigration, customs, trade?
Hadrian’s Wall
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