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STUDENT EDITION

FRIDAY, AUGUST 7, 2020

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Scientists have discovered a way to detect the space de-bris even in daylight hours, potentially helping satel-lites to avoid the ever-growing cloud of junk orbitingthe planet. According to scientists, the debris cannow be detected from the ground, using lasers.

Until now, this method only worked for a few hoursaround twilight, when the detection station on theEarth is in the dark, and the debris still illuminatedby the sun. The researchers extended the window inwhich the space junk is visible, using a combinationof a telescopic detector and filter to increase the con-trast of objects as they appear against the sky during theday. They also developed a real-time target detection soft-ware system that predicts when certain objects could be observ-able. Overall, the new technique could increase the observationtime of the space junk from the Earth— from six to 22 hours a day.

Scientists find way to trackin daylight

SPACE JUNK: Space debris, also called as spacejunk, is an artificial material that orbits the Earth as

unfunctional objects

THE SIZE: Defunct rockets, satellites andspacecraft parts continue to orbit the Earth afterthey are discarded. So, these materials can be aslarge as a discarded rocketstage or as small as a

microscopic chip of paint. Much of the debris is inthe low Earth orbit, within 2,000 km of the Earth’s

surface; however, some debris can be found in the geo-stationary orbit, 35,786 km above the Equator

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TIM E S NI E

Ti l l date, the United StatesSpace Surveillance Network hastracked more than 14,000 piecesof space debris, larger than 10 cmacross. It is estimated that thereare about 200,000 pieces between1 and 10 cm across, and that therecould be millions of pieces smallerthan 1 cm

POTENTIAL HAZARD➤ Because of the high speeds atwhich the objects orbit the Earth, acollision with even a small piece ofspace debris can damage a space-craft, warn experts

➤ The amount of debris in spacethreatens both crewed and uncrewedspaceflight. TThhee rriisskk ooff aa ccaattaassttrroopphh--iicc ccoolllliissiioonn ooff aa ssppaaccee sshhuuttttllee wwiitthh aappiieeccee ooff ssppaaccee ddeebbrriiss iiss 11 iinn 330000..

➤ On July 24, 1996, the first collision between an operationalsatellite and a piece of space debristook place, when a fragment from

the upper stage of a EuropeanAriane rocket collided with Cerise, aFrench microsatellite. Cerise wasdamaged but continued to function

➤ The first collision that destroyedan operational satellite happenedon February 10, 2009, when Iridium33, a communications satelliteowned by the American company,Motorola, collided with Cosmos2251, an inactive Russian militarycommunications satellite, about 760km above northern Siberia, shatter-ing both the satellites

WHAT IS KESSLERSYNDROME?➤ Donald Kessler, a NASA scientist,has theorised that the continuouscollisions of man-made objects inthe space will potentially destroy thetelecommunications and keephumanity trapped on the Earth. Hisprediction is famously referred to asthe Kessler syndrome

A piece of space debris can reach the speeds

of 6.9 to 8 kilometres per second. That’s near-

ly 7 times faster than a bullet, and just about

the equivalent of being hit by a bowling ball moving at

482 km per hour. According to the National Oceanic

and Atmospheric Administration, around 200 – 400 space

debris enter the Earth’s atmosphere every year

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➤ Morgan went past MS Dhoni's tally of 211 sixes .The England captain needed only 163 matches to getpast Dhoni's tally. The former India captain had taken332 international matches for 211 sixes. ➤ RickyPonting is at the 3rd spot on the list of captains withmost international sixes — 171 in 324 matches

EDUCATION

NCERT to workon new NationalCurriculumFramework postNEP 2020

➤ The NCF will focus on the peda-gogy for the holistic development ofstudents to equip them “with the key21st century skills”, says Senapaty.There will be reduction in the curricu-lar content to enhance their essentiallearning and critical thinking, andgreater focus will be on experientiallearning. Students will have increasedflexibility and choice of subjects, asthere will be no rigid separationbetween arts and sciences, betweencurricular and extracurricular activi-ties, between vocational and academ-ic streams, he adds ➤ The frameworkthat is expected to be out within thenext seven months, will define thelearning outcomes and the corre-sponding syllabus that ensures con-tinuous learning and assessment.“With the introduction of vocationalcourses, such as coding from class VIonwards, new content will also beintegrated," he states.

The new National Education Policy(NEP) 2020 comes after a gap of 34years. It will replace the previous

policy, formulated in 1986. The policy rec-ommendations will be implemented inphases. The restructuring will also see arevision in the syllabus and content, asthe National Council of Educational Re-search and Training(NCERT) will soonwork on the new National CurriculumFramework (NCF). “The MHRD will nowappoint a steering committee that willwork on the new NCF in line with the lat-est policy. The committee will prepare twoframeworks – Early Childhood Learningand Development Framework and SchoolEducation Framework, says HrushikeshSenapaty, director, NCERT.

EOIN MORGAN MOVES PAST MS DHONITO RECORD MOST SIXES AS CAPTAIN

E ngland's cap-tain EoinMorgan has

broken the record forthe most sixes in in-ternational cricket as

a captain. Morgan hithis 212th six in in-ternational cricketin the 3rd ODIagainst Ireland inSouthampton.

TOP FOODS FORKIDS' EYE HEALTH

ALWAYS WANTED TO BE AN IASOFFICER: CS WOMAN TOPPER

The pandemic-induced lockdown, re-stricted outings has led to more screentime for the children, with online class-

es and leisure time being spent on playingvideo games, web games, etc. This situationhas led to dry eyes and other eye health-re-lated problems in kids. To keep your eyeshealthy, include these foods in your daily diet.

CHEESE AND EGGS: Both eggs and cheeseare rich in Vitamin A, which means good eyehealth. Egg yolk is rich in lutein, again goodfor the eyes. So, have omelette, half-fried orsunny side up, and ask your parents to addsome cheese on top.

FISH WITH CHIPS: Fish varieties, such assalmon and sardines, are a great source ofomega 3 fatty acids. This snack combo isalso delicious and fun for those evenings,when you want to munch something, whilewatching TV.

CHOCOLATE AND ALMONDS: Add a punchof nutrition to chocolates by pairing itwith few almonds - it's rich in Vitamin E,and makes for a healthy midday snack

SEASONAL VEGGIES: Vegetables are richin nutrients, such as vitamin A, Vitamin Cand Vitamin K — all of these are good forthe health of your eyes.

GET INSPIRED

➤Many celebrities,including actors MileyCyrus, Tom Hanks, RitaWilson and JenniferAniston, have also com-mented on the need towear masks to preventthe spread of coronavirus

Imbibe two key ele-ments — set a target

and work with dedication toachieve it—PRATIBHA VERMA, IAS

I IRS officer PratibhaVerma, who toppedamong the women

candidates in the presti-gious civil servicesexam, has attributed hersuccess to hardworkand determination tostick to a schedule, de-spite being unwell forsome time. Youngestamong the three sib-lings, Verma ranked third in the exam. She got489th rank in the civil services exam last year.Verma, who did her BTech from IIT-Delhi, andis an officer of Indian Revenue Service (IncomeTax), said, she always wanted to become an IASofficer, since her childhood.

FOR A CAUSE

IN THE RECORD BOOK

Bollywood classic,'Mughal-e-Azam'celebrated its 60thanniversary as di-

rector K Asif's son AkbarAsif presented the screen-play of the film to the Oscarslibrary in Hollywood.

Akbar Asif, the UK-basedson of the late director, said,he presented the screenplayto the Academy Awards tomark the anniversary of hisfather's historical epic, star-ring Prithviraj Kapoor, DilipKumar and Madhubala.

ENTERTAINMENT

Filmmakerscan submit

their films tothe Oscars

library by filling up aform. However,

movies released inLos Angeles are auto-

matically invited tobe a part of the

library

On 'Mughal-e-Azam's' 60th anniversary, film'sscreenplay enters OSCARS LIBRARY

✿ Three versions of the legendary screenplay – in Hindi, Roman and English – arenow available at the Margaret Herrick Library, a world-renowned reference andresearch collection of the Academy, devoted to the history and development of themotion picture as an art form and an industry

✿The screenplay of the film, which hit the screens in India on August 5, 1960, wascrafted by a team comprising Aman, Kamal Amrohi, Wajahat Mirza, Ehsan Rizvi anddirector K Asif

✿ 'Mughal-e-Azam' went on to break every box office record, and is still considered asone of the highest-grossing Bollywood films of all time ✿ In 2004, the film becamethe first full-length Indian feature film colourised for a theatrical re-release ✿ In 2013,to mark the 100th anniversary of the Indian cinema, it was declared as the greatestBollywood film ever made ✿ In 2016, in a historic moment, a live musical, based onthe film was staged by one of the biggest theatre productions

HEALTH

MARK RUFFALO SHARES A PICTURE COVERING HIS FACE WITHA HANDKERCHIEF TO RAISE COVID-19 AWARENESS

With the rise in Covid-19 cases in theworld, American actor- producer,Mark Ruffalo has urged the people

to wear masks. The actor also said that hewears a mask because he cares about theother people around him. The 52-year-oldstar posted a monochromatic picture ofhimself on Instagram, wherein he is seenwith his face covered with a white hand-kerchief. It shielded his nose and mouthas he looks into the camera.

Now, we face a generationalcatastrophe that could wasteuntold human potential, under-mine decades of progress, andexacerbate entrenched inequali-ties. Once local transmission ofCovid-19 is under control, gettingstudents back to schools andlearning institutions as safely aspossible must be a top priority.Consultation with parents, car-ers, teachers and young peopleis fundamentalANTONIO GUTERRES, secretarygeneral, UN

ROWLEY JEFFERSON'SAWESOME FRIENDLYADVENTURE From #1 New YorkTimes bestsellingauthor – JeffKinney, comes anentirely new,awesome, friend-ly, and truly fan-tastic fantasyquest, ‘RowleyJefferson's Awesome FriendlyAdventure’; the second novel in hisseries of’ Diary of an AwesomeFriendly Kid’. Published by PuffinBooks, this epic adventure hasevolved from the imagination ofWimpy Kid's Rowley Jefferson, and isbound to take all the readers on anescapade like never before!

UNEARTHED: THE ENVI-RONMENTAL HISTORY OFINDEPENDENT INDIABY MEGHAA

GUPTA‘Unearthed’ isthe first-everchronologicalnarrative thattraces the envi-ronmentalimpact of thekey historical events and the envi-ronmental events that made histo-ry – from the Green Revolution toBhopal gas tragedy, from Chennai’swater crisis to smog in Delhi, fromclean energy to waste in space. Itis replete with little-known facts,trivia boxes, infographics, blackand white illustrations and profilesof people working in this field, allof which complements this easy-to-read, comprehensive book tofollow and broaden the EVS andgeneral syllabus taught in schools.

West Indies great Chris Gayle holds the recordfor most sixes in an international career

BOOK LAUNCH