benzodiazepines as sedative hypnotic

Presented by…….

DIPTARCO SINGHA, DURJOY GHOSH &

HRISHAV ROY CHOWDHURY

B.PHARM, 3RD YEAR, 6TH SEMESTER

GURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

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Benzodiazepines as Sedative - Hypnotic

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Introduction: SEDATIVES CNS depressant drugs , reduce excitement & tension, & produce calmness & relaxation.

HYPNOTICS drugs that produce sleep similar to that of natural arousal sleep.

Both sedative & hypnotic action may reside in the same drug.

A small dose may act as sedative, whereas a large dose of the same drug may act as a hypnotic.

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Classes of Benzodiazepine:

Benzodiazepines

1,4-benzodiazepines

Triazolobenzo-diazepines

Imidazobenzo-diazepine

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Structure:1. 1,4-benzodiazepines

Drug Name

R1 R2 R3 R7 R2’

Diazepam -CH3 =O -H -Cl -H

Prazepam -CH2- =O -H -Cl -H

Oxazepam -H =O -OH -Cl -H

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Structure:2. Triazolobenzodiazepines

Drug Name

R R1

Alprazolam -CH3 -H

Triazolam -CH3 -Cl

Estazolam -H -H

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Structure:3. Imidazobenzodiazepinese.g.

Midazolam Loprazolam

MOA:

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SAR of Benzodiazepine:I. Presence of phenyl ring / pyridyl ring promotes

sedative-hypnotic activity at C5-position.II. If presence of electron withdrawing group like –Cl or

–NO2 (Lorazepam, Clonazepam) at R2’ position, then sedative-hypnotic activity .

III. Presence of electron withdrawing group like –Cl, -F, –NO2 at C7 position, activity.

IV. Substitution at 6,8,9 position of carbon atom, activity.

V. Shifting of double bond present between –N4 & C5 or saturation of double bond activity.

VI. R3 = alkyl group, activity & R3 = -OH or –COOH activity & R1 = -CH3 ,if larger group is present activity.

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Conclusion: Sleep is mainly loss of consciousness. Sleep

is an architectured cyclic process.

These drugs maintains the sleep-wake cycle.

Insomnia is a symptom & its proper treatment depends on finding the cause of sleeplessness. To treat this type of patient, use sedative-hypnotics.

High dose of the drugs may lead to coma or death.

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Marketed Benzodiazepine drugs:

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References:

D. Sriram & P. Yogeeswari, Medicinal Chemistry, 2nd Ed., Pearson, Sedatives, Hypnotics, & Anxiolytic Agents, Benzodiazepines, Page no.: 129-151.

KD Tripathi M.D., Essentials of Medical Pharmacology, 7th Ed., Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., Sedative-Hypnotic, Benzodiazepines, Page no.: 397-410.

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