biliary and duodenal stenting - …eradiology.bidmc.harvard.edu/learninglab/gastro/deol.pdffindings...

Satjeet Deol, DMCH, Ludhiana, INDIA V Year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

April 2013

Satjeet Deol, V YEAR

Gillian Lieberman, MD

BILIARY AND DUODENAL

STENTING

2

OVERVIEW

• PATIENT REVIEW

• STEPS OF BILIARY STENTING

• COMPLICATIONS

• REVIEW OF MANAGEMENT OF UNRESECTABLE

PANCREATIC CANCER

• OUTCOMES

• ALTERNATIVES

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

3

HPI

• Patient presented with nausea, vomiting and diarrhea since 1 month

PAST MEDICAL HISTORY-

• Diabetes( dx1995),hyperlipidemia

PAST SURGICAL HISTORY-

• vitrectomy, cataract removal

Medications- Metformin, Glyburide, Simvisatatin

PATIENT REVIEW

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

4

Axial C+ CT scan-Ill defined mass in the head of pancreas

Gastric dilatation(PACS BIDMC)

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Our Patient: Pancreatic mass on CT

5 Axial C+ CT scan-Multiple liver metastasis

Gastric dilatation (PACS BIDMC)

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Our Patient: Liver metastasis on CT

6

MRCP(Axial view)-Ill defined mass in the head of pancreas

Duodenal and gastric dilatation(PACS

BIDMC)

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Our patient: Pancreatic mass on MRCP

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Our patient: Dilated CBD on MRCP

Dilated CBD along with

gastric dilatation

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Liver metastasis

Findings on MRCP

• There is 4.6 cm ill defined mass centered on head of

pancreas causing obstruction of the pancreatic duct and

CBD.

• The lesion is compressing the duodenum resulting in

duodenal and gastric dilatation.

• The lesion tethered and flattened SMV consistent with its

involvement.

• Multiple liver metastasis were present which were further

evaluated with US guided liver biopsy.

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Our Patient:ULTRASOUND GUIDED LIVER

BIOPSY

9

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

USG: Lesion seen in right lobe of liver

(PACS BIDMC)

LIVER BIOPSY NEEDLE

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Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

USG:Biopsy needle going inside lesion(PACS BIDMC)

STAGING OF PANCREATIC

CANCER PRIMARY TUMOR(T)

• T1 Tumor limited to the pancreas, 2 cm or less in greatest dimension

• T2 Tumor limited to the pancreas, more than 2 cm in greatest dimension

• T3 Tumor extends beyond the pancreas but without involvement of the celiac

axis or the superior mesenteric artery

• T4 Tumor involves the celiac axis or the superior mesenteric artery

(unresectable primary tumor)

Regional Lymph Nodes (N)

• NX Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed

• N0 No regional lymph node metastasis

• N1 Regional lymph node metastasis

Distant Metastasis (M)

• M0 No distant metastasis

• M1 Distant metastasis

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Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Unresectable Metastatic Pancreatic

cancer

• Diagnosis of metastatic pancreatic cancer

was made based on imaging and was

confirmed by liver biospy consistent with

metastasis of pancreatic origin.

• For the palliation of obstruction,duodenal

stent was placed under ERCP

12

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Coronal and axial C+ CT scan-Duodenal stent in 2nd part of

duodenum (PACS BIDMC) 13

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Our Patient:Duodenal stent on CT

Our patient:Clinical course

• After placement of duodenal stent under ERCP patient

started developing increasing jaundice and raising bilirubin

levels.

• PTBD was performed and 8F internal external biliary drain

was placed in IR.

• But patient’s condition was not improving so the patient

underwent biliary stenting for distal CBD obstruction. • Sebsequently the patient’s condition improved

14

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

15

Our Patient:Percutaneous Transhepatic

Cholangiogram

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Obstruction at distal CBD resulting in proximal

dilatation(PACS BIDMC)

PTBD using 8F biliary drain

16

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

STEPS OF BILIARY

STENTING

17 Insertion of guide wire through prexisting

biliary drain

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Constrast showing distal CBD

obstruction

18

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Dilatation of CBD by 8mm x4

cm balloon

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Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Balloon fully inflated

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Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Insertion of 8 mm wall stent

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Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Contrast going into bowel

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Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Coronal C+ CT showing duodenal and biliary stent along

with anchor drain(PACS BIDMC) 23

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Our Patient:Duodenal and biliary stent

on CT

• BLEEDING

• HEMOBILIA

• CAPSULAR HAEMATOMA

• BLOCKAGE

• CHOLANGITIS

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COMPLICATIONS OF BILIARY

STENTING

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Complications of advanced pancreatic

cancer

• Gastric outlet obstruction

• Duodenal and biliary obstruction

• Abdominal pain

• Back pain

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Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Management of unresectable metastatic

pancreatic cancer

• Palliative chemotherapy-

First line- Gemcitabine and capecitabin

Second line-5FU and oxaliplatin

• Palliation of obstructive symptoms- Palliative

surgical bypass,endoscopic duodenal stent,

percutaneous radiologic biliary stent placement, or

endoscopic biliary stent placement

• DROP Trial compared stenting versus

gastrojejunostomy for the palliation of obstructive

symptoms

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Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

OUTCOMES 1.Endoscopic placement of self-expandable metal stents

(SEMSs) is the most effective palliative treatment for

inoperable malignant gastroduodenal or biliary strictures

2.Endoscopic stenting of combined duodenal and biliary

malignant obstructions remains techanically difficult and

percutaneous approach for biliary stenting is preferred

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Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

A-Central type SEMS

B-Lateral type SEMS

What is Known: SEMS and DO

• Rapid relief of symptoms

• Technical success and clinical success 96% and

90%

• Reintervention for occlusion 20% (time related).

• Comparative retrospective and randomized trials

of SEMS vs. palliative bypass with GJ – better for

survival > 3 months

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Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

What is Evolving: Combined Biliary and

Duodenal Palliation

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Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Type 1 with duodenal stent in duodenal

bulb

30

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

31

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Duodenal stent

ALTERNATIVE-ARGON PLASMA

COAGULATION

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Exposing ampulla for endoscopic cannulation of CBD with

duodenal stent in place

Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Endoscopic stenting of CBD

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Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

Alternative-Open cell design stents

• Duodenal stricture : 87% success and 10%

complications

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Satjeet deol, V year

Gillian Lieberman, MD

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References

• Barish MA, Yucel EK, Ferruci JT. Magnetic resonance

cholangiopancreatography. N Engl J Med 1999

• BMC Gastroenterology 2007 7:18

• Gastrointestinal endoscopy volume 70

• Staging of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (AJCC)

• Rosewicz S, Wiedenmann B. Pancreatic carcinoma.

Lancet 1997; 349: 483-89.

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Acknowledgements

Dr Gillian Lieberman

Dr Ian Brennan