biogas and biomethane´s perspectives a brief overview coelho.pdf · university of são paulo,...

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DIALOGUE BRAZIL-DENMARK ON PROSPECTS OF BIOGAS/BIOMETHANE PRODUCTION AND APPLICATIONS

BIOGAS AND BIOMETHANE´S PERSPECTIVES – A BRIEF OVERVIEW

Prof Suani T. Coelho, PhD Project 27 Coordinator Coordinator of Research Group on Bioenergy – GBIO – www.iee.usp.br/gbio Institute of Energy and Environment University of São Paulo, Brazil

Workshop Denmark/Brazil 23-25 August 2017 (II Workshop RCGI Project 27)

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CENBIO´S TEAM

• Coordination: prof Suani Coelho

• Special contribution: prof J. Goldemberg

• 12 PPGE’ Students in 2015 – 1 pos doc – Alessandro S. Pereira – 1 PhD – Vanessa Pecora – 4 PhD candidates – Javier

Escobar; Adriano Violante; Manuel Moreno; Luis G. Tudeschini

– 4 MSc candidates – Fernando Oliveira; Naraisa Coluna; Dafne P. Silva; Thaisa Waiss

– 2 undergraduate students – Pedro Germani; Brunno Boyadjian

Coordination: Prof. Dr. Suani T. Coelho; Special contribution: Prof. Dr. José Goldemberg

Research team (2017):

• Five Pos doc: Alessandro Sanches Pereira Fábio R. Soares Javier Farago Escobar Marilin Mariano dos Santos Vanessa Pecora Garcilasso • Eight PhD students: Adriano Violante Fernando Oliveira João Pacheco Luís Gustavo Tudeschini Manuel Moreno Ruiz Poveda Monica Anater Roberto Sartori Claudia Treumann • Two master students: Caio Jopper Danilo Perecin • Three Oxford University students • Two students from Colombia • One PhD student from Mexico

SINCE 1996 www.iee.usp.br/gbio

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Hydro 13%

Nuclear 1%

Biofuels and waste 16%

Oil 39%

Coal 6%

Natural Gas 13%

Other Renewables

4%

Firewood and Charcoal

8%

Brazilian Energy Matrix

Balanço Energético Nacional 2015 Relatório Síntese - ano base 2014 Empresa de Pesquisa Energética - EPE

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Source: Nastari, P. (2016). Workshop on Perspectives of the biomethane contribution to increase NG offer. September 14, 2016. GBIO/RCGI/USP

COP 21 – INDC from Brazil X Biofuels

• According to the INDC (Intended Nationally Determined Contribution) presented and ratified by Brazil to the UN, by 2030 the country needs: – Greenhouse gases: to reduce emissions by 43%

(on 2005 base);

– To increase the share of biofuels in the energy matrix to 18%;

– Electricity: to increase renewable energies except hydroelectricity (solar, wind and biomass) for at least 23% of total generation

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Biogas sources

BIOGAS SOURCES

SÃO PAULO

Rural residues Animal residues

Agro industries

Sewage stations

Landfills

Sugarcane vinasse

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Biogas end uses – Brazil (2015)

• Data from IEA Bioenergy Task 37:

Source: IEA Bioenergy Task 37. Country Reports, 2015 - Based on International Center on Renewable Energies – Biogás (CIBiogas)

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Plants registered at ANEEL (Electricity Regulatory Agency)

• Biogas from MSW: – 17 plants. Total power = 128.2 MW

– 3 largest: • Termoverde Caieiras (29.5 MW)

• São João Biogás (24.6 MW)

• Termoverde Salvador (19.7 MW)

• Biogas from animal residues: – 13 plants. Total power = 4.4 MW

• Biogas from agricultural residues: – 3 plants. Total power = 1.8 MW

• Biogas from vinasse: – Planned: Biogas Bonfim (Raízen): 20.8 MW

Source: Banco de Informações de Geração (BIG), ANEEL (Brazilian Electricity Agency)

Biogas to electricity – Brazil (2017)

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BIOGAS FROM LANDFILLS

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http://gr21.com.br/maior-termeletrica-com-combustivel-renovavel-e-inaugurada-em-sao-paulo/

Former 200 kW biogas pilot plant at Caieiras Essencis landfill (2006) – Joint Project GBIO/IEE/USP/MME

• The largest biogas-based thermoelectric power plant in Brazil

• Caieiras • 29.5 MW • Biogas from landfill

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http://www.ecometano.com.br/ecometano/projetos.html

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BIOGAS FROM SEWAGE STATIONS

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Arrudas Sewage Station Arrudas COPASA

Minas Gerais / Brazil

Installed power: 2.4 MW (12 microturbines, 200 kW each)

Biogas energy conversion – sewage station

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Joint Project Sabesp – Fraunhofer Institute/Germany Franca sewage ststion – São Paulo St Biomethane for use in vehicles Sewage – 450 L/s Biogas – 2,600 Nm3/d Biomethane – 1,700 Nm3/d

Biogas energy conversion – sewage station

http://site.sabesp.com.br/site/imprensa/noticias-detalhe.aspx?secaoId=65&id=7353

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BIOGAS FROM ANIMAL RESIDUES

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Ajuricaba Agroenergy for Family

Farming – Parana State Itaipu Binational and Municipality of Rondon International Centre for Renewable Energy - Biogás / CIBiogás-ER

- Thermal use of biogas for gain dryers/cooking; - Electricity average daily production of 1.15 MWh (power engine).

Biogas from animal residues

https://www.cibiogas.org/

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Synergies of energy production x environmental sustainability

– Small farmers – need for adequate disposal of animal waste

– To avoid contamination of rivers and lakes

– Itaipu Electric Co – Ajuricaba Basin • 21 farmers (5-swin and 16-cow

producers)

• Biodigestion plants (large and small)

• Biogas cleaning (H2S)

• Logistic: Biogas pipeline for the thermoelectric power plant

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Source: Ajuricaba Project – Visit Suani Coelho (2017)

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BIOGAS FROM VINASSE

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Sugar/ethanol production in Center-South region

• 2015/2016 harvesting season:

– Alcohol production: 14,576,824 m3

– Sugar production : 21,567,455 tonnes

– Vinasse production: 189,498, 712 m3

(estimated) – used for fertirrigation

Source: UNICA. Acompanhamento quinzenal da safra na regiao Centro-Sul

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Source: State Secretariat of Agriculture od Sao Paulo State – Protocolo Agro Ambiental – Presentation: State Secretary Arnaldo Jardim

SAO PAULO STATE – SUGARCANE AND ETHANOL PRODUCTION

2016/2017 Harvesting season (60% of Brazil)

• Sugarcane

• Production: 369,925 million tones;

• Value: R$ 28.07 billion (approx. USD 8.5 billion);

• 35.8% of the value of forest and agricultural production in the; state of São Paulo

• Ethanol

• Production: 13.7 billion liters;

• 49.3% of the Brazilian ethanol production

• Sugar

• Production: 24.06 million tones

• 62.2% of the Brazilian sugar production

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Sugarcane irrigation with vinasse

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São Martinho Group – Iracema Mill Biogas from vinasse pilot plant

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Vinasse anaerobic digestion for energy conversion

GEO ENERGETICA – PARANÁ http://www.geoenergetica.com.br/perfil.php

Source: Poveda, Manel R. Master thesis, PPGE/IEE/USP, 2015

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http://www.canalbioenergia.com.br/pela-primeira-vez-um-projeto-de-biogas-venceu-um-leilao-de-energia/

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Potential for Biomethane & Independence on diesel imports

Possible replacement of 59.7% of diesel consumption in SP

Source: Nastari, P. (2016). Workshop on Perspectives of the biomethane contribution to increase NG offer. September 14, 2016. GBIO/RCGI/USP

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EXISTING POLICIES

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Biomethane injection into NG pipeline

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http://www.energia.sp.gov.br/2017/07/arsesp-divulga-o-marco-regulatorio-para-distribuicao-de-biometano-canalizado-no-estado-de-sao-paulo/

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Brazilian experience with R&D projects for renewable energies

• Brazilian banks (e.g. BNDES) make investments (large plants)

• Existing legislation (2000) for electric utilities: mandatory to apply 0.5

% of revenues on Research and Development Projects + 0.5% in energy efficiency projects (Federal Law 9,991/2000)

– Brazilian Regulatory Agency – ANEEL – in charge of enforcement

(www.aneel.gov.br) – Several projects already developed with such funds – Example – ITAIPU Project in Ajuricaba basin – USD 500,000 investment (21

farms)

• RCGI-Project 27 – Policies proposals for Biogas and Biomethane improvements (injection into NG grid)

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CHALLENGES

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General challenges for biogas and biomethane projects

• Lack of policies for demonstration plants

• Lack of improved capacity building of agro-industries and farmers

• Lack of understanding the synergies between biogas plants and reduction on environmental impacts

• LACK OF FUNDS…

• RENOVABIO? – expansion of biofuels in Brazil aiming to fulfill Paris Agreement – BIOGAS?

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http://www.brasil.gov.br/infraestrutura/2017/02/renovabio-vai-expandir-producao-de-biocombustivel-no-pais

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To incentivize biofuels producers efficiency based on carbono footprint – LCA of the biofuel process

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CONTRIBUTION FROM RCGI

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RCGI – PROJECT 27

• Analysis of the perspectives for biogas and biomethane (from urban, agro-industrial and rural sources) in the State of Sao Paulo based on a geo-referenced mapping

• Analysis of environmental benefits of increasing the biogas/biomethane share in the energy matrix of São Paulo State

• Analysis of standards for biomethane injection into NG grid, as well as for the other biomethane´s final uses, such as in automotive vehicles and biogas for decentralized electricity generation.

• Biogas scenarios for 2030 compared to INDC from Brazil (Paris Agreement)

• Policy proposals to improve current legislation in Brazil and São Paulo

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RCGI – PROJECT 27 - Perspectives for São Paulo State

• Roadmaps (to be published in 2019)

– Biogas production

– Biogas purification – Biomethane

• Biogas and biomethane potentials

• Geo-referenced mapping for São Paulo State (under development)

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Theoretical potential for power production from biogas in Sao Paulo State

Electricity consumption in São Paulo State (2014): 150,723 GWh/ano

Source: São Paulo State Energy Balance, 2015

Biogas source

Biogas Production

(m3/h)

Potential power (MW)

Electric energy

(GWh/yr)

Landfill 276,191 495 3,769

Sewage 49,200 88 671

Vinasse 302,848 542 (Harvesting season) 4,133

Rural residues 15,155 26 208

TOTAL - SÃO PAULO 643,394 1,151 8,781

5.8% of electricity consumption in SP State

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Theoretical potential for biogas and biomethane production in Sao Paulo State

Biogas producer Biogas produced (m3/h) –São Paulo Biomethane produced (m3/h) – São Paulo

Landfill 276,191 138,096

Sewage treatment 49,200 24,600

Vinasse 302,848 151,424

Rural residues (animal) 15,155 7,580

TOTAL - SÃO PAULO 643,394 321,700

46% of NG consumption in São Paulo State

NG consumption in São Paulo State (2014): 6,181,819,805 m3 /yr Source: Secretaria de Energia do Estado de São Paulo. Anuário Estatístico de

Energéticos por município. 2014

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RCGI – PROJECT 27 - Perspectives for São Paulo State – Previous activities

• Biogas and biomethane potentials

• Roadmaps (to be published in 2019)

– Biogas production

– Biogas purification – Biomethane

• Geo-referenced mapping for São Paulo State (under development)

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PREVIOUS EXPERIENCES BIOENERGY MAPPING

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Survey of biogas production units

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Biomass Atlas – GBIO/former CENBIO

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2009 2012

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Maps – Technical cooperation between RCGI and NREL

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Ethanol mills x gas pipelines

MS

SC

SPMG

RJ

GasodutosBrasil-Bolívia (GASBOL)

Bacia de Santos

Vale do Paraíba

São Carlos-Uberaba (em projeto)

Etanolduto (em pré-operação)

Etanolduto (em projeto)

Concessão COMGÁS

Concessão GÁS FENOSA

Concessão GÁS BRASILIANO

Usina (ativa)

Usina (inativa ou sem dado de produção)

Cidade

Ribeirão Preto

Caraguatatuba

Santos

São Paulo

Paulínia

S. J. dos Campos

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