biological foundations of human behavior

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 1/28

L. PascuaC. Raymundo

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 2/28

 Why should we study the

nervous system?• These are the organs that allow us

to act, think and react.

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 3/28

Neuroscience• Branch of life science that deals with thestructure and functioning of the brain andthe neurons, nerves and nervous tissue that 

form the nervous system.• Focuses on neural function in the central

and peripheral nervous systems at the

molecular, cellular, circuit and behaviorallevels.

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 4/28

The NervousSystem•  A network of cells that 

carries information toand from all parts of 

the body.

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 5/28

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 6/28

Central Nervous System • Composed of the brain and the spinal chord

 which are in turn composed of neurons andglial cells that control life-sustaining functions

of the body as well as all thought, emotionand behavior.

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 7/28

The Brain

• The part of thenervous system that makes sense of the

information receivedfrom the senses,makes decisions andsends commands to

the muscles and therest of the body.

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 8/28

The SpinalChord

•

Long bundle of neurons whosefunction is to carry messages to and

from the brain.• Inside: cell bodies

of neurons

•

Outside:myelinated axonsand nerves

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 9/28

Neurons• Sensory: carry 

messages from thesenses to the spinalchord

•

Motor: carry messages from thespinal chord to themuscles and glands

• Interneurons:connect sensory andmotor neurons

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 10/28

Peripheral Nervous System

• Made up of all the nerves andneurons that are not contained in thebrain and spinal chord

• Divided into somatic and autonomicnervous system

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 11/28

Somatic Nervous System• Made up of sensory pathway and motor 

pathway 

• Sensory pathway: all the nerves

carrying messages from the senses tothe central nervous system

• Motor pathway: all the nerves carrying

messages from the CNS to the voluntary or skeletal muscles of the body 

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 12/28

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 13/28

HOW IS INFORMATIONTRANSMITTED?

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 14/28

Neuron: specialised cell in the nervous

system that receives and sends messages within that system.

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 15/28

Glial Cells• Structure on which

the neuronsdevelop and work 

• Hold the neurons inplace.

• Make up 90% of the brain

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 16/28

Functions of Glial Cells1. Get nutrients to the neurons

2. Cleaning up the remains of neurons that have

died

3. Communicating with neurons and other glialcells

4. Providing insulation for neurons

5. Develop into new neurons *

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 17/28

Types of Glial Cells• Oligodendrocytes: produce myelin for

neurons in the brain and spinal chord

• Schwann Cells : produce myelin for

neurons of the body

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 18/28

Myelin• Layer of fatty substance

• Purpose of Myelin1. Insulates the neuron

2. Protection

3. Speeds up the neural message traveling down the axon• Neurilemma: serves as a tunnel through which damaged

nerve fibers can repair themselves

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 19/28

Ions • Semiliquid solution

found inside and

outside the cells

• Semipermeable

• Inside: negative

• Outside: positive

Reason:

1. Diffusion

2. Electrostatic fusion

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 20/28

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 21/28

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 22/28

Neural Signalling

RestingPotential

 ActionPotential

Neurotransmission

Reuptake

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 23/28

THE OTHER PARTS OF THE BRAIN

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 24/28

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 25/28

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 26/28

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 27/28

7/28/2019 Biological Foundations of Human Behavior

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/biological-foundations-of-human-behavior 28/28

Sources•

Ciccarelli, Saundra K., and J. NolandWhite. Psychology Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J.Noland White.. 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, N.J.:Pearson Education, 2012. Print.

• http://tle.westone.wa.gov.au/content/file/9691

44ed-0d3b-fa04-2e88-8b23de2a630c/1/human_bio_science_3b.zip/content/002_nervous_control/page_10.htm

• http://www.appsychology.com/Book/Biological/neuroscience.htm

•http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/gallant/biology/schwann_myelin.html