biology 161 lab 4 - blood vessels, lymphatics, pressure points, surface anatomy...

Biology 161 Lab 4 - Biology 161 Lab 4 - Blood Vessels, Blood Vessels,

Lymphatics, Pressure Lymphatics, Pressure Points, Surface Points, Surface

AnatomyAnatomyScott.lehbauer@lethbridgecollege.aScott.lehbauer@lethbridgecollege.a

b.cab.ca

The ArteriesThe ArteriesCircle of Willis - Circle of Willis - also also

called the cerebral called the cerebral arterial circle this arterial circle this structure surrounds the structure surrounds the pituitary gland and optic pituitary gland and optic chiasma. It connects chiasma. It connects the anterior and the anterior and posterior blood supply posterior blood supply to the brain. It also to the brain. It also equalizes blood pressure equalizes blood pressure in the two brain regions in the two brain regions and provides alternate and provides alternate routes for blood to reach routes for blood to reach the brain tissue in case the brain tissue in case of blockage to the of blockage to the carotid or vertebral carotid or vertebral arteries.arteries.

The Circle of Willis

The Circle of WillisThe Circle of Willis

Vertebral Arteries

Basilar Artery Internal CarotidArtery

Arteries of the Neck and Arteries of the Neck and FaceFace

Superficial TemporalArtery

Common CarotidArtery

Vertebral Artery

External Carotid Artery

Internal CarotidArtery

Arteries coming off the Arteries coming off the HeartHeart

Aorta

RightBrachiocephalic

Left CommonCarotid

Left Subclavian

Right Subclavian

Right CommonCarotid

Arteries of the ArmArteries of the Arm

Axillary Artery Circumflex Scapular Artery

Arteries of the Arm Cont.Arteries of the Arm Cont.Brachial Artery

Radial Artery

Ulnar ArteryMedian Artery

Superficial Palmer Arch

Coronary Arteries (Left Coronary Arteries (Left Side)Side)

Left Coronary Artery

Anterior Descending

Artery

Circumflex Artery

Aortic Arch

Right Coronary Artery and Right Coronary Artery and Cardiac VeinCardiac Vein

Right Coronary Artery

Great CardiacVein

Arteries of the TorsoArteries of the Torso

Gastric Artery

Arteries of the Torso Arteries of the Torso (Superior Mesenteric) (Superior Mesenteric)

Superior Mesenteric

Artery

Superior MesentericArtery

Arteries of the Torso Arteries of the Torso (Inferior Mesenteric)(Inferior Mesenteric)

Inferior MesentericArtery

Inferior MesentericArtery

Arteries of the Torso Arteries of the Torso

Hepatic Artery

Arteries of the Torso Arteries of the Torso (Celiac Trunk)(Celiac Trunk)

Celiac Trunk

Splenic Artery

Arteries of the Torso Arteries of the Torso (Kidneys)(Kidneys)

Renal Artery

Renal Vein

Arteries of the Torso (Iliac Arteries of the Torso (Iliac Arteries)Arteries)

Common Iliac Artery

External Iliac ArteryInternal Iliac Artery

Arteries of the LegArteries of the Leg

Femoral Artery

Arteries of the LegArteries of the Leg

Anterior Tibial Artery

Popliteal Artery

Pressure PointsPressure Points

- Are arteries that - Are arteries that when compressed when compressed can stop blood flow can stop blood flow into distal tissues into distal tissues during during hemorrhage.hemorrhage.

Superficial Temporal a.Facial a.

Carotid a.Subclavian a.

Brachial a.

Femoral a.

Popliteal a.

Dorsal Pedal a.

Radial a.

Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System

Lymph – Lymph – Protein containing fluid Protein containing fluid transported by lymphatic vessels. transported by lymphatic vessels.

Lymphatics – Lymphatics – an elaborate system of an elaborate system of drainage vessels that collect the drainage vessels that collect the excess protein-containing interstitial excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.fluid and return it to the bloodstream.

Lymph Node – Lymph Node – a small lyphoid organ a small lyphoid organ that filters lymph; they contain that filters lymph; they contain macrophages and lymphocytes.macrophages and lymphocytes.

Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System

Cervical

AxillaryThoracic

Cubital Abdominal

Popliteal

Pelvic

Inguinal

Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System

Inguinal Lymph Nodes

Axillary Lymph Nodes

SpirometrySpirometry

Tidal VolumeTidal Volume – The amount of air that moves into – The amount of air that moves into then out of the lungs during normal quiet then out of the lungs during normal quiet breathing.breathing.

Vital Capacity Vital Capacity – The total amount of exchangeable – The total amount of exchangeable air in the lungs. Or the total amount of air blown air in the lungs. Or the total amount of air blown out during one forced exhalation. out during one forced exhalation.

There are 3 factors which influence vital capacity:There are 3 factors which influence vital capacity:

1.) Age1.) Age

2.) Sex2.) Sex

3.) height3.) height