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Biology Final Exam ReviewSI Leader Taylor (Yeargain, MWF 1:30-2:20)

General Information

Review Session

▪ Please fill in any available space, and move to the front of the room!

▪ Thank you for coming ☺

Exam Information

▪ 15% of overall grade in the class

▪ Monday, May 1st from 1:00pm-3:50pm in CB2 201

▪ Lowest lecture exam dropped, but final does NOT count

General Plan

▪ Topics (5 minutes)

▪ Activity 1 (20 minutes)

▪ Practice Exam (20 minutes)

▪ Activity 2 (10 minutes)

▪ Practice Exam (35 minutes)

▪ Questions & Closing (10 min)

Topics

▪ Chapter 2: The Chemical Context of Life▪ Structure of an Atom▪ Atomic Number, Mass Number ▪ Valence Shell/ Electrons▪ Chemical Bonds

▪Chapter 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

▪ HONC▪ Hydrocarbons▪ Isomers (definition and types)▪ Functional Groups▪ ATP

▪ Chapter 3: Water and Life▪ Polarity ▪ Cohesion and Adhesion▪ Specific heat▪ Evaporative Cooling▪ Heat of Vaporization▪ Specific Properties of Water▪ Solvent, Solution, Solute ▪ Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic▪ Acids and Bases/ pH and pOH

Topics

▪ Chapter 5: The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

▪ See pg. 90 of textbook for chart▪ Types of Macromolecules▪ Structure of Macromolecules▪ Examples and Functions of Macromolecules

▪Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell▪ Plasma Membrane▪ Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells▪ All organelles and function▪ Plant and Animal cell differences

▪ Chapter 7: Membrane Structure and Function▪ Fluid Mosaic Model▪ Integral and Peripheral Proteins ▪ Selective Permeability ▪ Active and Passive Transport▪ Osmosis ▪ Tonicity Problems ▪ Sodium Potassium Pump▪ Endocytosis versus Exocytosis ▪ Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis and Receptor Mediated

Topics

▪ Chapter 9: Cellular Respiration and Fermentation ▪ Fermentation▪ Aerobic Respiration▪ Oxidation and Reduction▪ Electron Carriers ▪ Location, Steps, Input, Output, and Function of

each stage of cellular respiration ▪ Plants and animals

▪Chapter 10: Photosynthesis▪ Autotrophs ▪ Plants only▪ Chlorophyll a ▪ Range of visible light ▪ Location, Steps, Input, Output, and Function of each stage of photosynthesis

Topics

Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle & Mitosis (Pg. 232)• Chromosome Vocabulary• Chromatin• Somatic Cells• Sister Chromatids• Centromeres• Mitosis/ Cytokinesis • All of the parts of interphase and mitosis, what happens at each phase, and how the chromosome and sister

chromatid numbers change throughout • Checkpoints• Cancerous Cells Chapter 13: Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycle (Pg. 252)• More Vocab (Haploid, Diploid, Homologous, Loci, Zygote, etc)• All of the parts of interphase and meiosis 1 &2, what happens at each phase, and how the chromosome and sister

chromatid numbers change throughout • Crossing Over and Independent Assortment• Sources of Genetic Variation

Topics

Chapter 14: Mendel and the Gene Idea (Pg.267)• Law of Segregation• Monohybrid and Dihybrid crosses • Mendel’s experiments • Heterozygote, Homozygote, Dominant, & Recessive • True Breeders• Complete Dominance, Incomplete Dominance, Codominance, Multiple Alleles, Pleiotropy• Epistasis and Polygenic Inheritance • Identifying pedigrees and how to solve pedigree problems • Carriers, Test Cross, and Wild Type• Tips for Genetics problems on pg 290 Chapter 15: Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance (Pg.292)• All of the genetic disorders from your lecture slides (autosomal and sex linked)• Sex Linked Genes• Barr Body • Nondisjunction, Aneuploidy, Monosomy, Polyploidy• Deletions, Duplications, Inversions, Translocations

Topics

Chapter 16: The Molecular Basis of Inheritance (Page 312)• DNA properties and structure• Base Pairing • Type of Bond between DNA strands (Hydrogen) • Semiconservative nature of DNA replication• Initiation of DNA synthesis • DNA synthesis on leading and lagging strand • Telomeres• Heterochromatin and Euchromatin Chapter 17: Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein (Page 333)• From DNA to proteins• Transcription and Translation• Transcription Initiation Complex • Processing of eukaryotic pre-mRNA• rRNA, mRNA, and tRNA• Initiation, Elongation, and Termination of both Transcription and Translation • Reading Frame

Activity #1Brainstorm Race

Activity #1: Brainstorm Race

▪Get into groups

▪If you are watching this from your computer, I still encourage you to participate!

▪Make sure you have a piece of paper & a pen

▪1 minute for each slide

Activity #1: Brainstorm Race

Structure of the Atom

Activity #1: Brainstorm Race

Types of Macromolecules

Activity #1: Brainstorm Race

Types of Organelles

Activity #1: Brainstorm Race

Plant Cell vs.

Animal Cell

Activity #1: Brainstorm Race

Cellular Respiration

Activity #1: Brainstorm Race

Mendel & Genetics

Activity #1: Brainstorm Race

DNA Synthesis

Activity #1: Brainstorm Race

Central Dogma

Review GuideFirst 20 Questions

Activity #2Chromosomes, Meiosis & Mitosis

Discussion

What is the difference between the following terms?- Haploid- Diploid- Unduplicated Chromosome- Duplicated Chromosome- Sister Chromatids- Non Sister Chromatids - Homologous Chromosomes- Tetrad

Practice

Diploid or haploid?

Practice

Chromosome A contains genes for an eye color of brown. Chromosome B contains genes for hair color of brown. Chromosome C contains genes for an eye color of green. Which of the following is true?

a. Chromosomes A and B are homologousb. Chromosomes B and C are homologousc. Chromosomes A and C are homologousd. None of the chromosomes are homologous to one another

Practice

Crossing Over occurs between which of the following?a. Sister Chromatids b. Homologous Chromosomes c. Non Sister Chromatids d. More than one of these answers is correct

Practice (Mitosis)

A somatic cell has 16 chromosomes (2n=16), how many chromosomes and chromatids are present at….a. G1 phase?b. S phase?c. G2 phase?d. Prophase?e. Metaphase?f. Anaphase?g. Telophase?h. After cytokinesis?

Practice (Mitosis)

A somatic cell has 16 chromosomes (2n=16), how many chromosomes and chromatids are present at….G1 phase?

16 chromosomesS phase?

16 chromosomes, 32 chromatidsG2 phase?

16 chromosomes, 32 chromatids Prophase?

16 chromosomes, 32 chromatids Metaphase?

16 chromosomes, 32 chromatids Anaphase?

32 chromosomesTelophase?

16 chromosomes in each daughter nucleusAfter cytokinesis?

16 chromosomes in each daughter cell

Practice (Meiosis)

A somatic cell has 16 chromosomes. How many chromosomes and sister chromatids are present at each of the following phases of meiosis?

a) Interphase:i. G1:

a. 16 chromosomesb. 0 Sister Chromatidsc. 0 Tetrads

ii. S:a. 16 chromosomesb. 32 Sister Chromatidsc. 8 “Pairs”

iii. G2:a. 16 chromosomes

32 Sister Chromatidsb. 8 “Pairs”

Practice (Meiosis)

a) Meiosis 1:i. Prophase 1:

a. 16 chromosomesb. 32 Sister Chromatidsc. 8 Tetrads

ii. Metaphase 1:a. 16 chromosomesb. 32 Sister Chromatidsc. 8 Tetrads

iii. Anaphase 1:a. 16 chromosomesb. 32 Sister Chromatidsc. 0 Tetrads

iv. Telophase/ Cytokinesis 1:a. 8 chromosomesb. 16 Sister Chromatidsc. 0 Tetrads

Practice (Meiosis)

a) Meiosis 2 i. Prophase 2:

a. 8 chromosomesb. 16 Sister Chromatidsc. 0 Tetrads

ii. Metaphase 2:a. 8 chromosomesb. 16 Sister Chromatidsc. 0 Tetrads

iii. Anaphase 2:a. 16 chromosomesb. 0 Sister Chromatidsc. 0 Tetrads

iv. Telophase/ Cytokinesis 2:a. 8 chromosomesb. 0 Sister Chromatidsc. 0 Tetrads

b) At what phase of Meiosis do the cells become haploid?i. Telophase / Cytokinesis 1

Review GuideRemaining Questions