biomes terrestrial ecosystemsavconline.avc.edu/mpesses/pdfs/geog101/geog101lec24.pdf · sclerophyll...
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GEOG 101 2/2/2014
Instructor: Pesses 1
24| Global Biogeography
Geography 101Physical Geography: Earth’s Surface Landscapes
M. Pesses, Antelope Valley College
Part V – The Living Earth
Today
Biomebasics Majorbiomesoftheworld
Alteringbiomes Geoengineering
Biomes
Alargestable,terrestrialoraquaticecosystemcharacterizedbyspecificplantandanimalcommunities
Namedfordominantvegetation Mostvisiblepartofthebioticlandscape
Terrestrial ecosystems
Plantsarethemostvisiblepartofthebioticlandscape ReflectEarth’sphysicalsystems Insolationamounts Waterquantity Geomorphicprocesses
GEOG 101 2/2/2014
Instructor: Pesses 2
Major Terrestrial Biomes
Vegetation(andspecies)mappedis“ideal” Priortohumanalteration
Notexoticspecies
Exotic Species
Speciesofplantsoranimalsnotnativetoanecosystem
Killer Bees
BeesfromAfricaintroducedtoBrazilinthe1950s
TheAmericasarehometoEuropeanHoneyBees
Thetwogroupsbred Making“Africanized”HoneyBees
Biomes
5principleterrestrialbiomes1. Forest2. Savanna3. Grassland4. Desert5. Tundra
Forest Biome
Importantformations: Low‐latituderainforest Sclerophyllforest
GEOG 101 2/2/2014
Instructor: Pesses 3
Low-Latitude Rainforest
Wrapsaroundtheequator
Accountfor½ofEarth’sremainingforests
Biomassislocatedhighinthetreecanopy Insolation
Biodiversity
Biodiversity Biodiversity
GEOG 101 2/2/2014
Instructor: Pesses 4
Sclerophyll Forest
MediterraneanClimate
Sclerophyll Plantsadaptedtosurvivedroughtbyminimizingtranspiration
Sclerophyll Forest
Chaparral Generalvegetationinthisbiome
Leatheryleaves,short,well‐developedroots Variesbetweenwoodyshrubsandgrassywoodlands
Manzanita,oaktrees,poisonoak
Sclerophyll Forest
Regionsofhighfiredanger inthesummer Thebiomeactuallyseemstobewelladaptedtofire Quickrecoveryafterwards
NativeAmericanfireecology Improveseedharvests Controlvegetation Herdgame
DesertBiome
GEOG 101 2/2/2014
Instructor: Pesses 5
Deserts
AdaptationstosurviveinharshclimatesXerophytic plants
Adaptedtoliveindryplaceswithbrief,intenserainyseason
Deserts
AdaptationstosurviveinharshclimatesBiologicalwarfare
Creosotebushes Rootsspreadtoxinstolimitcompetitionwithotherplants
GEOG 101 2/2/2014
Instructor: Pesses 6
Altering Biomes
Again,theseareideallandscapesfrom“pristine”times Humanityhasdramaticallyalteredthesevegetationregimesthroughagricultureanddevelopment
Human Footprint
Remaining Wilderness Green Biomass
DeforestationDeforestation in Borneo
GEOG 101 2/2/2014
Instructor: Pesses 7
DesertificationThreats to Biodiversity
http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/hotspots/california_floristic/Pages/default.aspx
Changing Vegetation
Humansareapowerfulforce…
Geoengineering
“purposefulhumanactivitythatsignificantlyaltersthestateoftheEarth”(Lovelock2008) Fireecology Greenhouseemissions&slowingclimatechange?
GEOG 101 2/2/2014
Instructor: Pesses 8
Your futures
Let’sassume… You’renotswallowedbytheEarth Encasedinvolcanicash Ravagedbykillerbees Infectedwithmigratingmalaria
Your futures
Takeadvantageofthistime! Findworkyoulovedoing!
Andrememberglobalization…
Embracespatialintelligence!
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