biomolecules (definitions)
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Biomolecule Biomolcula Molecule found in the livingbeings.
Water
Mineral salts
Carbohydrate
LipidProtein
Nucleic acid
Vitamin
Carbon Carbono Bioelement found in the organicbiomolecules and gases as
carbon dioxide (CO2) and carbon
monoxide (CO).
CarbohydrateSaccharide
Sugars
Hidrato decarbono
CarbohidratoGlcidoAzcares
Organic biomolecule which is
responsiblefor storing and
transporting energy or is a
structural component.
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Ribose
Deoxyribose
Lactose
Sucrose
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
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Cellulose Celulosa Polysaccharide (carbohydrate)which is the structural
component of the plant cellwall
and the most common organiccompound on Earth.
Cholesterol ColesterolLipid which is a structural
component of animal cell
membranes and is required to
establish proper membrane
permeability and fluidity.
It is also theprecursorof steroid
hormones, bile acids, and
vitamin D.
Collagen Colgeno A structural animal proteinfound in the connective tissues of
vertebrates and the most
abundant protein in mammals.
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Deoxyribo-nucleic acid
(DNA)
cido desoxi-rribonucleico
(ADN)
Organic macromoleculeformed
by the union of nucleotides and
found in the genetic material of
cells.It contains the genetic
instructions used in the
development and functioning of
all known living organisms.
Disaccharide Disacrido Carbohydrate formed by theunion of two monosaccharides.
It is used to provide energy to
cells.
Lactose
Sucrose
Enzyme Enzima Protein thatcatalyzes (increasesthe velocity of) chemical
reactions.
Amylase
Ptyalin
Lysozyme
Lipase
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Fat Grasa Lipid solid at normal roomtemperature that is used for
storing energy. Triglycerides
Fructose Fructosa Monosaccharide foundin fruits which isresponsible for transporting energy.
Glucose Glucosa Monosaccharideresponsible for transporting energyand found in disaccharidesand polysaccharides.
Haemoglobin Hemoglobina Protein which carries oxygenfrom the respiratory organs
(lungs or gills) to the rest of the
body.
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Heterotroph Hetertrofo Living organism whichfeeds onorganic matter produced by
other living beings.
Animals
Fungi
ProtozoaSome bacteria
Hydrogen Hidrgeno Bioelement found in thebiomolecules.
Inorganic
biomoleculeInorganic
matterInorganiccompound
Biomolcula
inorgnicaMateria
inorgnicaCompuestoinorgnico
Molecule that is not produced by
a living organism and is notcomposed of carbon.
Water
Mineral salts
Lactose Lactosa Disaccharide(carbohydrate) found inmilk.
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Lipid Lpido Organic biomolecule insolublein waterwhich is used asenergy
storage, as structural
component of cell membranesand as signaling molecule.
Fats
OilsWaxes
Phospholipids
Steroids
Cholesterol
Mineral salts Sales minerales Inorganic biomolecules whichregulate different metabolic
activities, help in the formation
of skeleton and teeth and are
necessary in contraction of
muscles and excitability of
nerves.
Mono-saccharide
Monosacrido Organic biomolecule which isthe most basic unit (monomer) ofcarbohydrates.
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Ribose
Deoxyribose
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Nitrogen Nitrgeno Bioelement found in thebiomolecules.
Nucleic acid cido nucleico Organic macromolecule formedby the union of nucleotides.
It contains the geneticinstructions used in the
development and functioning of
all known living organisms or
converts genetic information into
the amino acid sequences of
proteins.
Deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA)
Ribonucleic acid
(RNA)
Nucleotide Nucletido Organic biomolecule which isthe most basic unit (monomer) of
nucleic acids.
ATP
ADP
AMP
GTP
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Oil Aceite Lipid liquid at normal roomtemperature that is used for
storing energy.
Organicbiomolecule
Organic matterOrganic
compound
Biomolculaorgnica
Materia orgnicaCompuesto
orgnico
Molecule that is produced by a
living organism and mainly
composed of carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur andphosphorus.
Carbohydrate
Lipid
Protein
Nucleic acid
Vitamin
Oxygen Oxgeno Bioelement found in thebiomolecules.
Phospholipid Fosfolpido Structural lipids that is a major
component of all cell membranes.
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Phosphorus Fsforo Bioelement found in thebiomolecules.
Polysaccharide Polisacrido Carbohydrate formed by theunion of monosaccharides.
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Protein Protena Organic macromoleculewhichis made up ofchains of amino
acids.
The most important functions:
to give structure to the cells
to transport substances
to regulate chemical
reactions
to protect the body frompathogenic microorganisms.
To move cells, organs
Collagen
Haemoglobin
Enzymes
Antibodies
Hormones
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Ribonucleicacid (RNA)
cidoribonucleico
(ADN)
Organic macromolecule formed
by the union of nucleotides which
converts genetic information into
the amino acid sequences ofproteins.
Starch Almidnfcula
Polysaccharide (carbohydrate)
which is the energy store of the
plants.
Steroid Esteroide Lipid. Cholesterol
Sex hormones
Sucrose Sacarosa Disaccharide(carbohydrate) found in
plants.
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Sulphur Azufre Bioelement found in thebiomolecules.
Wax Cera Lipid used as a waterrepellent.
Water Agua Inorganic biomoleculewhich dissolvessubstances, regulatestemperature and wheremetabolic reactionstake place.
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