biosphere law ton pass composition earth plate tech tonics 100120123338 phpapp01
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Four
ystemsof
Our
Earth
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Composition of Earth Earth Has 4 main systems that interact:
Earths
systems
Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere Geosphere
water life land/rockAir/gases
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Composition of Earth
Earth Has 4 main systems that interact:
The Atmosphere
The Hydrosphere
The Biosphere Life on Earth
Sea life, plants, flying creatures, humans
Encompasses hydrosphere, upper geosphere, andloweratmosphere.
The Geosphere
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BIOSPHERE
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The relationship between an organism and its
environment is the study ofecology.
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Living things interact with Non
living things in the Biosphere
Biotic Factors
living components
in the biosphere
Biotic, meaning of
or related to life, are
living factors.
Plants, animals,
fungi, protist and
bacteria are allbiotic or living
factors.
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Living things interact with Non
living things in the Biosphere AbioticAbiotic Factors
nonlivingcomponents in thebiosphere
Environmentalfactors such habitat(pond, lake, ocean,desert, mountain) orweathersuch as
temperature, cloudcover, rain, snow,hurricanes, etc. areabiotic factors.
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Role of the Sun for the biosphere
The Sunprovides the
light and heat
necessary tomaintain life
on Earth and
is the ultimatesource of
energy.
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Biotic and abiotic factors combine to create a
system or more precisely, an ecosystem.
An ecosystem is a community of living andnonliving things.
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Examples of ecosystems
A pond.
Abiotic factors?
Biotic Factors?
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Ocean Ecosystem
Abiotic?
Biotic?
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Grassland ecosystem
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The Impact of Changing Factors
If a single factor is changed, perhaps bypollution or natural phenomenon, the wholesystem could be altered.
For example, humans can alter environmentsthrough farming or irrigating. While weusually cannot see what we are doing tovarious ecosystems, the impact is being feltall over.
For example, acid rain in certain regions hasresulted in the decline of fish population.
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A food chain Shows how each living thing gets its food.
Some animals eat plants and some animals eat otheranimals.
For example, a simple food chain links the trees, the
giraffes and the lions. Each link in this chain is food for
the next link. A food chain always starts with plant lifeand ends with an animal.
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A food chain
An is added and means is eaten by; also shows
the flow of energy (the giraffe gets his energy from the
leaves)
Now we have made a simple food chain.
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BiosphereHere is an
example ofanother foodchain.
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Plants arecalledproducers orautotrophs
because theyare able to uselight energy to
make their ownfood.
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Animals cannot make their own food so they
must eat plants and/or other animals. They
are called consumers or heterotrophs.
There are three groups of consumers.
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Herbivores are animals that only eat plants
or plant products (seeds). They are also
called primary consumers
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Carnivores areanimals that eat otheranimals.
There are 2 kinds ofcarnivores
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Secondary Consumers
are carnivores that eat
herbivores
Herbivores are primary
consumers
Something that makes its
own food is called a
producer
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Tertiary consumers are
carnivores that eat
other carnivores
killer whales (tertiary
consumerthey eat
another carnivore)
Dolphin (secondaryconsumerthey eat a
herbivore)
Herring (primary
consumerthey only eatplants)
Photoplankton (this
plant produces its own
food)
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Make your own food chain
Find in your notes where it says to make your
own food chain.
Start with a plant on the very left side. The arrow means is eaten by so think of the
next thing that might eat your plantand so
on.
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Animals and people who eat BOTH animals
and plants are called omnivores
WE EAT PLANTS WE EATMEAT
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To sum up:
Animals that eat only
plants.
Animals that eat only
animals.
Animals that eat bothanimals AND plants.
Humans are also
omnivores!
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Then there are decomposers (bacteria, worms,
and fungi) which feed on decaying matter.
These decomposers speed up the decaying
process that releases mineral salts back into the
food chain for absorption by plants as nutrients.
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Games
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/k
idscorner/foodchain/foodchain.htm producerconsumer game (pic of cow)
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/k
idscorner/foodchain/foodchain.htm Omnivore, carnivore, herbivore game (pic of
person,frog, lion and bear)
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/kidscorner/matching/mcarnivores.htm
Matching game (herbivore, carnivore, omnivore)
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Do you know why there
are more herbivoresthan carnivores?
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In a food chain, energy is
passed from one link to another
Lets say a plant has the # 100 to represent theenergy it has made.
When a herbivore eats, it does not get all theplants energy. It uses up some of the energy ineveryday activities. The herbivore may only get10% of that energy.
A carnivore then eats this herbivore. Thecarnivore only gets 1% of that plants original
energy. This is why the carnivore has to eat manyherbivores to get enough energy to grow.
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Energy and mass is transferred from
one level of the food chain to the next
with an efficiency of about 10%.
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Because of thelarge amount ofenergy that is lost ateach link, theamount of energy
that is transferredgets lesser andlesser
The further along
the food chain yougo, the less food(and energy)remains available.
ENERGYS MOVEMENT IN THE FOOD CHAIN
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This energy pyramid shows manytrees & shrubs providing food andenergy to giraffes.
Note that as we go up, there arefewer giraffes than trees & shrubsand even fewer lions than giraffes
... as we go further along a food
chain, there are fewer and fewerconsumers.
In other words, a large mass ofliving things at the base is required
to support a few at the top ... manyherbivores are needed to support afew carnivores
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Most food chains have no more than four or
five links
There cannot be too many links in a singlefood chain because the animals at the end of
the chain would not get enough food (and
hence energy) to stay alive.
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Most animals are part of more than one food
chain and eat more than one kind of food in
order to meet their food and energy
requirements. These interconnected food
chains form a food web.
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FOOD CHAIN vs FOOD WEB
FOOD CHAIN
FOOD WEB
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Note that the arrows are drawn from food
source to food consumers ...
substitute the arrows with the words "eatenby"
The arrows also show the way energy is
moving.
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Recap
The sun is the source of energy
Water is the source of life on earth Water is in the hydrosphere, geosphere and
atmosphere, and biosphere.
The living things in the biosphere are dependent on
many nonliving things. (abiotic and biotic) There are food chains and webs that show what
animals eat. The higher up on the food chain, theless predators they have.
Be able to describe who receives the most of thesuns energy and how energy moves and isconverted through the food chain.
Be able to describe how the systems are connected(atmosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere)
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http://www.ecokids.ca/pub/eco_info/topics/frogs/chain_reaction/index.cfm make a foodchain
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/kidscorner/games/foodchaingame.htm resource
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/kidscorner/games/foodchaingame.htm game food chain
Fun with foodwebs http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/food/food_menu.html
Fill in foodwebs http://www.gould.edu.au/foodwebs/kids_web.htm
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